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butanount
ofliberty；the‘‘freeenofeuropedidnotfarequiteso
atterofsurprisetonynteorary
assesofentheso
sheerserythey
livedindirtyhousessituatedinserablepartsoftheslu
theyatebadfoodtheyreceivedjustenoughschoolingto
fittheortheirtasksincaseofdeathoranaccident；their
faliesprovidedforbutthebreillery
interests；influenceuponthelegislature；
enuragedtheoforgettheir
unlitedquantitiesofverycheaprates
theenorusiroventakenplacesincethe
thirtiesandthefortiesofthela
………………………………
第99节
stcenturyisnotduetotheefforts
ofasinglenthebestbrainsoftionsdevoted
theelvestothetaskofsavingthethedisastrous
resultsofthealltoosuddenintroduachinery
theydidnottrytodestroythecapitalisticsystethiswould
havebeenveryfoolish；fortheacculatedhofother
people；aybeofverygreatbenefit
toallnkindbuttheytriedtobatthenotionthattrue
equalitycanexistbetanhandowns
thefactoriesandcanclosetheirdoorsathouttherisk
ofgoinghungry；andthelabourerusttakeeverjob
isoffered；atever；orfacetheriskof
starvationforhielf；hishildren
theyendeavouredtointroduceanueroflaed
therelationsbethefactoryohefactory
ershavebeenincreasingly
suajorityofthelabourers
areected；theirhoursarebeingreducedtothe
excellentaverageofeight；andtheirchildrenaresenttothe
sinepitandtotheof
thettonlls
butthereenplatedthesight
ofallthebelchingskestacks；herattleofthe
railroadtrains；hestorehousesfilledhasurplus
ofallsortsofterials；andate
goalthistrendousactivitye
theyreeredthatthehunracehadlivedforhundreds
ofthousandsofyearsrcialandindustrialpetition
uldtheychangetheexistingorderofthingsand
doaofrivalryan
happinesstoprofits
thisideathisvaguehopeforabetterdayrestricted
toasingleuntryinengland；robertohe
oanyttonlls；establishedasocalled‘‘socialistic
nityheprosperity
ofneetoanendandanattetoflouis
blanc；afrenchjoualist；toestablish‘‘socialworkshops
alloverfranber
ofsocialisticerssoonbegantoseethatlittleindividual
nitiesainedoutsideoftheregularindustrial
life；plishanythingatallit
entalprinciplesunderlying
theedies
uldbesuggested
thepracticalsocialistslikerobertowenandlouis
blancandfranisfouierheoretical
studentsofsocialisikekarlrxandfriedrichengelsof
thesetarxisthebestkno
jeilyhadforalongtilivedingeyhe
hadheardoftheexperintsofoandhebegan
tointeresthielfinquestionsoflabourandwagesand
uneloyntbuthisliberalvieadehieryunpopular
any；andheo
fleetobrusselsandthentolondon；wherehelivedapoorand
shabbylifeastherrespondentoftheneribune
noone；thusfar；hadpaidchattentiontohisbookson
enocsubjectsbutintheyear1864heorganisedthefirst
inteationalassociationofenandthreeyearslater
in1867；hepublishedthefirstvoluofhisrea
tisecalled‘‘capitalrxbelievedthatallhistorywasa
longstrugglebethosehose
havetheintroduachineryhad
createdaney；thatofthecapitalistswhoused
theirsurplushtobuythetoolshenusedby
thelabourerstoproducestillreh；hwasagainused
tobuildrefaeanwhile；
acrdingtorx；thethirdestatethebourgeoisie
hefourthestatetheproletariat
edthat
intheend；onenhehoftheworld
ployeesanddependentupon
hisgoodwill
topreventsuarxadvisedworking
nofalluntriestouniteandtofightforanuerofpolitical
andenocasureseratedinanifesto
intheyear1848；theyearofthelastgreateuropean
revolution
thesevieents
ofeurope；nyuntries；especiallyprussia；passed
severelaenwereordered
tobreakupthesocialistetingsandtoarrestthespeakers
butthatsortofperseartyrs
arethebestpossibleadvertisentsforanunpopularcause
ineuropethenuerofsocialistssteadilyincreasedandit
plateaviolent
revolutionbutheirincreasingpohedifferent
parliantstoprotetheinterestsofthelabouring
classessocialistsoactascabi
nisters；andtheyoperatedhprogressivecatholicsand
protestantstoundothedagethathadbeencausedbythe
industrialrevolutionandtobringaboutafairerdivisionof
thenybenefitsachinery
andtheincreasedproductionofh
theageofscience
buttheher
changeer
iortancethaneitherthepolitical
ortheindustrialrevolutions
aftergenerationsofoppression
andpersecution；thescientisthad
atlastgainedlibertyofaction
andheryingtodisver
thefundantallahgove
theuniverse
theegyptians；thebabylonians；thechaldeans；thegreeks
andtherons；hadallntributedsothingtothefirst
vaguenotionsofscienceandscientificinvestigationbutthe
greatgrationsofthefourthcenturyhaddestroyedtheclassical
editerranean；andthechristianchurch；h
oreinterestedinthelifeofthesoulthaninthelifeofthe
body；hadregardedsanarrogance
edtopryintodivineaffairshbelonged
totherealfalghtygod；andhereforelosely
relatedtothesevendeadlysins
therenaissanitedextenthadbroken
throughthisation；
hoakentherenaissanceintheearly16th
century；hadbeenhostiletotheidealsofthe‘‘neion；
andoncer
………………………………
第100节
ethenofsciencehreatenedhsevere
punishnt；shouldtheytrytopassbeyondthenarroits
ofkno
ourhthestatuesofgreatgenerals；atop
ofprancinghorses；leadingtheircheeringsoldierstoglorious
viodestslabofrbleannounces
thatanofsciencehasfoundhisfinalrestingplaceathousand
yearsfroohesethingsdifferently；
andthechildrenofthathappygenerationshallknow
ofthesplendidurageandthealstinnceivabledevotion
todutyofthenhepioneersofthatabstract
knoadeourdeical
possibility
nyofthesespt
andhuliationtheylivedingarretsanddiedindungeons
theydarednotprinttheiasonthetitlepagesof
theirbooksandtheydarednotprinttheiclusionsinthe
landoftheirbirth；butsggledthenusesecret
printingshopinaterdarhaarletheywereexposed
tothebitterentyofth