按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
bytheirguilds；nductedtheirbusinessasitpleased
thetheylivedsilelives；andoworkvery
longhours；buttheyastersiftheygotup
andsahatitogofishing；theyfishing
andthereosay‘‘no
buttheintroduachinerychangedthisachine
isreallynothingbutagreatlyenlargedtoolarailroad
trainileanuteis
inrealityapairofveryfastlegs；andasteaaerh
flattensheavyplatesofironisjustaterriblebigfist；deof
steel
butanallaffordapairofgoodlegsanda
goodstrongfist；arailroadtrainandasteaaeranda
ttonfaachineryandthey
arenotoan；butusuallybyapanyof
peopleandthendividethe
profitsoftheirrailroadorttonllaount
ofneyheyhaveinvested
therefore；achineshadbeeniroveduntilthey
icableandprofitable；thebuildersofthose
largetools；theers
incash
duringtheearlyddleages；ost
theonlyforfh；thenobilityheonlypeople
hybutasihavetoldyouina
previouschapter；thegoldandsilverheypossessed
ofbarter；
exchangingwsforhorsesandeggsforhoneyduring
thecrusades；theburghersofthecitieshadbeenabletogather
richesfroherevivingtradebetheeastandthe；
andtheyhadbeenseriousrivalsofthelordsandtheknights
thefrenchrevolutionhadentirelydestroyedtheh
ofthenobilityandhadenoruslyiniddle
classor‘‘bourgeoisietheyearsofunresthe
greatrevolutionhadofferednyddleclasspeoplea
orethantheirshareofthishe
estatesofthechurchhadbeennfiscatedbythefrenchnvention
andhadbeensoldatauctiontherehadbeenaterrific
auntofgraftlandspeculatorshadstolenthousands
ofsquarelesofvaluableland；andduringthenapoleonic
heyhadusedtheircapitalto‘‘profiteeringrainand
gunpoorehthanthey
neededfortheactualexpensesoftheirhouseholds；andthey
uldaffordtobuildtheelvesfaenand
entoachines
thiscausedaveryabruptchangeinthelivesofhundreds
ofthousandsofpeoplehinafeanycities
doubledthenueroftheirinhabitantsandtheoldciviccentre
eofthecitizenswassurrounded
enslept
aftertheirelevenorthirteenhours；spentinthe
faheyretuedtothefactoryassoon
astheleblew
farandhroughtheuntrysidetherealkofthe
fabuloussuofneythatuldbedeinthetohe
peasantboy；accustodtoalifeintheopen；tothecity
herapidlylosthisoldhealthadsttheskeanddustand
dirtofthoseearlyandbadlyventilatedhe
end；veryoften；hinthepoorhouseorinthehospital
ofursethetothefactoryonthe
partofsonypeopleplishedhoutacertain
auntofoppositionsinuch
en；theniynineotherswhowere
throployntdidnotlikeitfrequentlytheyattacked
thefaachines；but
insurancepanieshadbeenorganisedasearlyasthe17th
centuryandasaruletheoectedagainstloss
soon；neachinesalled；thefactory
hahighhentherewasan
endtotheriotingtheancientguildsuldnotpossiblysurvive
inthisneandirontheyoutof
existenceandthentheentriedtoorganiseregularlabour
unionsbutthefactoryohroughtheirh
uldexercisegreatinfluenceuponthepoliticiansofthedi
………………………………
第97节
fferent
untries；tothelegislatureandhadlawspassed
ingofsuchtradeunionsbecausethey
interferedan
pleasedonotthinkthatthegoodersofparliant
heselayrantstheywere
thetruesonsoftherevolutionaryperiodwheneverybody
talkedof‘‘libertyandenkilledtheieighbours
becausetheyquiteaslibertylovingasthey
oughttohavebeensince‘‘libertyostvirtue
ofn；itrightthatlabourunionsshoulddictateto
theirersthehoursduringheyuldworkand
theustdendtheanstat
alltis；be‘‘freetosellhisserviarket；and
theeloyerstbeequally‘‘freetonducthisbusiness
ashesa；when
thestatehadregulatedtheindustriallifeoftheentire
nity；ingtoanendthene
insistedthatthestatestandentirelyasideandletrce
takeitsurse
thelasthalfofthe18therelybeena
tiofintelleic
ideas；too；hadbeenreplacedbyersuitedthe
needofthehourseveralyearsbeforethefrenchrevolution；
turgot；inistersof
financeoflouisxvi；hadpreachedthenoveldoctrineof
‘‘enoclibertyturgotlivedinauntryhhad
sufferedfroooanyregulations；too
nyoffianylaovethis
officialsupervision；hee；‘‘letthepeopledoastheyplease；
andeverythingousadviceof
‘‘laissezfairebecathebattlecryaroundists
ofthatperiodrallied；
atthesatiinengland；adathwasworking
onhisghtyvolusonthe‘‘hofnations；ade
anotherpleafor‘‘libertyandthe‘‘naturalrightsoftrade
thirtyyearslater；afterthefallofnapoleon；hereactionary
poheirvictoryatvienna；
thatsafreedothepeopleintheir
politicalrelationsintheirindustrial
life
thegeneraluseofchinery；asihavesaidatthebeginning
ofthischapter；provedtobeofgreatadvantagetothe
stateachinedeitpossible
forasingleuntry；likeengland；tocarryalltheburdens
ofthegreatnapoleonicaliststhepeople
oneyachines
reapedenorusprofitstheybecaaitiousandbegan
totakeaninterestinpoliticstheytriedtopetehthe
landedaristocracyillexercisedgreatinfluenceupon
thegoventofsteuropeanuntries
inengland；eersofparliantill
electedacrdingtoaroyaldecreeoftheyear1265；and
berofrecentlycreatedindustrialcentreswere
houtrepresentation；theybroughtaboutthepassingofthe
reforilloftheyear1882；heelectoral
systendgavetheclassofthefactoryooreinfluence
uponthelegislativebodythisho
disntentangthellionsoffactoryere
leftenttheytoobegan
anagitationfortherighttovotetheyputtheirdends
doentetobeknohe‘‘peoples
charterthedebatesaboutthischartergreoreand
reviolenttheyhadnotyetetoanendherevolutions
oftheyear1848brokeoutfrightenedbythethreat
ofaneandviolence；theenglish
goventplacedthedukeofon；in
hiseightiethyear；attheheadofthear；andcalledfor
volunteerslondonateofsiegeand
preparationsadetosuppresstheingrevolution
buttheentkilleditselfthroughbadleadership
andnoactsofviolencetookplacethenelassof
hyfactoryoheword‘‘bourgeoisie
odeathbytheapostlesofaneial
order；sloent；and