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possibilityofaselfpropelledboat;andalthoughthestch
builtengineofthelittlecraftpuffedrrilyontheseine;the
greateeroegleselfofthisfordable
ighthavegivenhiisrevengefortrafalgar
asforfulton;heretuedtotheunitedstatesand;being
apraboat
panytogetherhrobertrlivingston;asignerof
thedeinister
tofranceonryingtosellhisinvention
thefirststearofthisnepany;the‘‘clet;
onopolyofalltheersofnewyork
state;equippedhanenginebuiltbyboultonandtof
bighanengland;beganaregularservicebetweennew
yorkandalbanyintheyear1807
asforpoorjohnfitch;thenwholongbeforeanyone
elsehadusedthe‘‘steaoatforrcialpurposes;he
ptyofpurse;he
hadetotheendofhisresourceshboat;h
eansofascreroyed
hisneighboursjeeredathistheyolaugha
hundredyearslaterructedhis
funnyflyingchinesfitchhadhopedtogivehisuntry
aneasyaccesstothebroadriversoftheen
preferredtotravelinflatboatsorgoonfootintheyear
1798;inutterdespairandsery;fitchkilledhielfbytaking
poison
butterof1850
tonsandkingsixknotsanhour;theuretaniagoesjust
fourtisasfast;savannahtoliverpool
inthererdtioftyfivedaysthentherewas
anendtothederisionoftheltitudeandintheirenthusiasbr 》
thepeoplegavethecreditfortheinventiontothean
sixyearslater;georgestephenson;astchn;whohad
beenbuildinglootivesforthepurposeofhaulingalfrobr 》
thenepittosltingovensandttonfactories;builthis
faus‘‘travellingenginehepriceofalby
alstseventypercentandadeitpossibletoestablish
thefirstregularpassengerservicebetanchesterand
liverpool;citytocityatthe
unheardofspeedoffifteenlesperhouradozenyears
later;thisspeedhadbeenincreasedtotilesperhour
atthepresentti;anyhedirectdescendant
ofthepunylittletordrivenler
andlevassoroftheeightiesofthelastcenturycandobetter
thantheseearly‘‘puffingbillies
butindedengineersproving
upontheirrattling‘‘heatengines;agroupof‘‘pure
scientistsnefourteenhoursofeachdaytothe
studyofthose‘‘theoreticalscientificphenonahouth
nochanicalprogressinga
neisedtoleadthentothestsecretand
hiddendoinsofnature
tberofgreekandron
philosophersnotablythalesofletusandplinywhowas
killedryingtostudytheeruptionofvesuviusofthe
year79peiiandherculaneu
theasheshadnoticedthestrangeanticsofbitsofstrawandof
featherberhwasbeing
rubbedenoftheddleages
hadnotbeeninterestedinthissterious‘‘electricpower
butiediatelyaftertherenaissance;gilbert;the
privatephysicianofqueenelizabeth;oustreatise
ontheagsduringthe
thirtyyearsasterof
gdeburgandtheinventoroftheairpu;nstructedthe
firstelectricalchineduringthenextcenturyalargenuer
ofsselvestothestudyofelectricity
notlessthanthreeprofessorsinventedthefausleyden
jarintheyear1795atthesati;benjanfranklin;
thestuniversalgeniusofariinthoon
nepshireonacuntof
hisprobritishsyathiesbecaknoford
inghisattentiontothissubjecthedisveredthat
lightningandtheelee
electricpoinuedhiselectricstudiesuntiltheendof
hisbusyandusefullifethencavoltaous
‘‘electricpileandgalvanianddayandthedanishprofessor
hanspereandaragoandfaraday;
alloftheiligentsearchersafterthetruenatureoftheelectric
forces
theyfreelygavetheirdisveriestotheuel
rseonbeganhiscareerasanartistthought
thatheuldusethisneitssages
fronecitytoanotherheintendedtousepper
achineedpeople
laughedathirsethereforeofinancehis
oentsandsoonhehadspentallhisneyand
thenhewasverypoorandpeoplelaughedevenlouderhe
thenaskedngresstohelphindaspecialtteeon
rtheirsupportbuttheersof
ngressorsehadto
tallngressionalappropriation
hethenbuilta‘‘telegraphbetoreand
onintheyear1887hehadshosuccessful
‘‘telegraphinoneofthelecturehallsofnewyork
universityfinally;onthe24thofyoftheyear1844the
firstlongdistancessageonto
baltireandtodaythehtelegraph
europetoasiainafew
sendstbellused
theelectriccurrentforhistelephoneandhalfacentury
afterprovedupontheseideasbyinventinga
systefsendingssageshdidaway
………………………………
第96节
entirelyhtheold
fashionedwires
orse;theneorkingonhis
‘‘telegraph;an;hadnstructed
thefirst‘‘dynathistinylittlechinepleted
intheyear1881blingasa
resultofthegreatjulyrevolutions
theplansofthengressofviennathefirstdynagrew
andgreodayitprovidesushheatand
hlightyouknohelittleincandescentbulbshedison;
buildinguponfrenchandenglishexperintsoftheforties
andfifties;firstdein1878andhpos
ofistakentheelectricenginewill
soonentirelydriveoutthe‘‘heatenginejustasintheolden
daystherehighlyorganisedprehistoricanilsdroveout
theirlessefficientneighbours
personallybutiknoachinerythiswill
keveryhappyfortheelectricenginehcanberun
bypanionableservantofnkind
butthe‘‘heatengine;therveloftheeighteenthcentury;
isanoisyanddirtycreatureforeverfillingtheh
ridiokestacksandhdustandsootandasking
thatitbefedinesat
greatinnvenienceandrisktothousandsofpeople
andifiuststick
tofaagination;ihe
happydaylootiveshallbetakentothe
seufnaturalhistorytobeplacednexttotheskeleton
ofthedynosaurandthepteredactylandtheotherextinct
creaturesofabygoneage
thesocialrevolution
butthenewengineswerevery
expensiveandonlypeopleofh
uldaffordthetheoldcarpenter
orshoekerwhohadbeenhis
oasterinhislittleworkshop
selfoutto
theoechanical
tools;andadere
neythanbefore;helosthis
forrindependenceandhedidnot
likethat
intheoldendaystheheworldhadbeendoneby
independentenintheirotleworkshopsin
thefrontoftheirhouses;heirtools;he
earsoftheiroitsprescribed
bytheirguilds;nductedtheirbusinessasitpleased
thetheylivedsilelives;andoworkvery
longhours;buttheyastersiftheygotup