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人类的故事-The Story of Mankind(英文版)-第63章

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    tobecarefultheexpeditionnevertookplaceandsouth

    aricaandxigainedtheirindependence

    asforthetroublesonthentinentofeurope;theywere

    ingfastandfurioustheholyalliancehadsentfrench

    troopstospaintoactasguardiansofthepeaceintheyear

    1820austriantroopshadbeenusedforasilarpurposein

    italyhe‘‘carbonarithesecretsocietyofthecharal

    buersakingpropagandaforauniteditalyandhad

    causedarebellionagainsttheunspeakableferdinandof

    naples

    badneefroussiahedeathofalexander

    hadbeenthesignforarevolutionaryoutbreakinst

    petersburg;ashortbutbloodyupheaval;thesocalleddekaberist

    revoltbeber;hended

    berofgoodpatriotswhohad

    beendisgustedbythereactionofalexanderslastyearsand

    hadtriedtogiverussiaanstitutionalforfgovent

    butetteichhadtriedtoassure

    hielfofthentinuedsupportoftheeuropeanurtsbya

    seriesofnferencesataixlachapelleattroppauat

    laibachand
………………………………

第89节

    finallyatveronathedelegatesfrohe

    differentporavelledtotheseagreeableering

    placesenisterusedtospend

    hissuerstheyalisedtodotheirbest

    tosuppressrevoltbuttheyoocertainoftheir

    successthespiritofthepeopleobeuglyand

    especiallyinfrancethepositionofthekingeans

    satisfactory

    therealtroublehohebalkans;thegateway

    toeeuropethroughheinvadersofthat

    ntinenthadpassedsinethefirst

    outbreakanprovinceof

    daciatheeireinthethird

    centurysincethen;ithadbeenalostland;asortofatlantis;

    antongue

    andstillania

    hereintheyear1821;ayounggreek;princealexander

    ypsilanti;beganarevoltagainsttheturkshetoldhisfollowers

    thattheyulduntuponthesupportofrussiabut

    tteichsfasturiersheirostpetersburg

    andthetsar;entirelypersuadedbytheaustrianargunts

    infavorof‘‘peaceandstability;refusedtohelpypsilanti

    ofleetoaustriathenextseven

    yearsinprison

    inthesayear;1821;troublebeganingreecesince

    1815asecretsocietyofgreekpatriotshadbeenpreparing

    thesuddenlytheyhoistedtheflagof

    independenceinthereatheancientpeloponnesusanddrove

    theturkishgarrisonsaheusual

    fashiontheytookthegreekpatriarchofnstantinople;

    heirpopebothbythegreeksandby

    nyrussians;andtheyhangedhineastersundayofthe

    year1821;togetherberofhisbishopsthegreeks

    ohaedansin

    tripolitsa;theoreaandtheturksretaliated

    byanattackupontheislandofchios;urdered

    25;000christiansandsold45;000othersasslavesintoasiaand

    egypt

    thenthegreeksappealedtotheeuropeanurts;but

    tteiinsonyhattheyuld‘‘stew

    intheironottryingtokeapun;buti

    auotinghisserenehighnessedthetsarthat

    this‘‘fireofrevoltoughttobuitselfoutbeyondthepale

    ofcivilisationandthefrontiersothosevolunteers

    ogototherescueofthepatriotichellenes

    theircauseseedlostattherequestofturkey;anegyptian

    aroreaandsoontheturkishflag

    theacropolis;theancientstrongholdof

    athenstheegyptianarthenpacifiedtheuntry‘‘ala

    turque;andtteichfolloheproceedingshquiet

    interest;aptagainstthepeace

    ofeuropeshouldbeathingofthepast

    oncereithisplansthe

    greatestgloryofenglanddoesnotlieinhervastlonial

    possessions;inher

    andindependenan

    obeysthelahatrespectfortherightsof

    othersrksthedifferencebetivilised

    societybuthedoesnotregnizetherightofotherstointerfere

    ofthoughtifhisuntrydoessothing

    obesupandsaysso

    andthegoventandwill

    givehiullproteoboday;asin

    thetiofsocrates;oftenlovestodestroythosewhosurpass

    itinurageorintelligencethereneverhasbeenagood

    cause;hoant;

    untedanuerofenglishnangitsstaunchestadherents

    thessoftheenglishpeoplearenotdifferentfrobr 》

    thoseinotherlandstheysticktothebusinessathandand

    havenotiforunpractical‘‘sportingventuresbutthey

    ratheradretheireccentrieighbourhing

    togoandfightforsoobscurepeopleinasiaorafricaand

    afinepublicfuneraland

    holdhiptotheirchildrenasanexaleofvalorandchivalry

    eventhepolicespiesoftheholyalliancewerepowerless

    againstthisnationalcharacteristicintheyear1824;lord

    byron;ariahepoetryover

    ;hoistedthesailsofhisyachtandstarted

    southtohelpthegreeksthreenthslaterthenewsspread

    througheuropethattheirherolaydeadinssolonghi;

    thelastofthegreekstrongholdshislonelydeath

    caughttheiginationofthepeopleinalluntries;societies

    edtohelpthegreekslafayette;thegrandold

    nofthearicanrevolution;pleadedtheircauseinfrance

    thekingofbavariasenthundredsofhisofficersneyand

    suppliespouredinuponthestarvingnofssolonghi

    inengland;georgecanning;edtheplans

    oftheholyallianerica;enis

    terhesaatetteichforasend

    titheenglishandrussianfleetshe

    diterraneantheyentshdared

    nolongersuppressthepopularenthusiasorthecauseofthe

    greekpatriotsthefrenchnavyappearedbecausefrance;

    sinedtheroleofthe

    defenderofthedanlandsonoctober

    20oftheyear1827;theshipsofthethreenationsattacked

    theturkishfleetinthebayofnavarinoanddestroyedit

    rarelyhasthelebeenreceivedhsuchgeneral

    rejoicingthepeopleofeeuropeandrussiawho

    enjoyednofreedothonsoledtheelvesbyfighting

    aniginaryyonbehalfoftheoppressedgreeks

    intheyear1829theyhadtheirreean

    independentnationandthepolicyofreactionandstability

    suffereditssendgreatdefeat

    ite;to

    giveyouadetailedacuntofthestrugglefoational

    independenberof

    excellentbooksdevotedtosuchsubjectsihavedescribedthe

    strugglefortheindependenceofgreecebecauseithefirst

    successfulattackuponthebulionhengress

    ofviennahadereaintainthestabilityofeurope

    thatghtyfortressofsuppressionstillheldoutand

    tteiandbuttheendwas

    near

    infranost
………………………………

第90节

    unbearable

    ruleofpoliceofficialsryingtoundothework

    ofthefrenchrevolution;hanabsolutedisregardofthe

    regulationsandlaivilisedwarfarewhenlouis

    xviiidiedintheyear1824;thepeoplehadenjoyednine

    yearsof‘‘peaceoreunhappythan

    thetenyearsofpirelo
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