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alargenuerofduargravates；principalities；
baronies；electorates；freecitiesandfreevillages；
ruledbythestrangestassortntofpotentatesthatwasever
seenofftheiperastagefrederickthegreathad
changedthisedastrongprussia；butthisstate
hadnotsurvivedhiynyyears
napoleonhadbluepenciledthedendforindependence
ofstoftheselittleuntries；andonlyfiftytofa
totalofrethanthreehundredhadsurvivedtheyear1806
duringtheyearsofthegreatstruggleforindependence；ny
ayoungsoldierhaddreadofaneherlandthatshould
bestrongandunitedbuttherecanbenounionhouta
strongleadership；andobethisleader
theresinthegespeakinglands
therulersofthese；austriaandprussia；werekingsby
thegraceofgodtherulersofthreeothers；bavaria；saxony
andberg；hegraceofnapoleon；and
astheyhadbeenthefaithfulhenperor；their
patrioticcreditanshereforenotvery
good
thengresshadestablishedaneannfederation；
aleagueofthirtyeightsovereignstates；underthechaiship
ofthekingofaustria；he
eerorofaustriaitakeshiftarrangent
andiet；
etintheoldronationcityoffrankforthadbeen
attersof‘‘npolicyandiortance
butinthisdiet；thirtyeightdelegatesrepresentedthirtyeight
differentinterestsandasnodecisionuldbetakenhouta
unaniusvoteaparliantaryrulehhadinprevious
ous
genfederationbecaverysoonthelaughingstock
ofeuropeandthepolitipirebegantoresele
thoseofourcentralaricanneighboursinthefortiesand
thefiftiesofthelastcentury
itiliatingtothepeoplerificed
everythingforanationalidealbutthengress
interestedintheprivatefeelingsof‘‘subjects；andthedebate
losed
didanybodyobjectstassuredlyassoonasthefirst
feelingofhatredagainstnapoleonhadquieteddownassoon
astheenthusiasfthegreatwarhadsubsidedassoonas
thepeopleethathadbeen
ttedinthenaof‘‘peaceandstabilitytheybeganto
rrtheyevendethreatsofopenrevoltbut
uldtheydotheyercy
ofthestpitilessandeffitheworldhad
everseen
theersofthengressofviennahonestlyandsincerely
believedthat‘‘therevolutionaryprinciplehadledto
theereeror
napoleontheyfeltthattheyoeradicate
theadherentsofthesocalled‘‘frenchideasjustasphilipii
hadonlyfollohevoiceofhisnsciencewhenhebued
protestantsorhangedorsinthebeginningofthesixteenth
centuryanbelieveinthedivineright
ofthepopetorulehissubjectsashesaic
anditinthe
beginningofthenieenthcentury；onthentinentofeurope；
anbelieveinthedivinerightofhiskingto
rulehisheorhisprinistersa；ic；and
ittothenearest
policenandseethathegotpunished
buttherulersoftheyear1815hadleaedefficiencyin
thesedtheirtaskch
betterthanithadbeendoneintheyear1517theperiod
betheyear1815andthe
………………………………
第87节
year1860hegreateraof
thepoliticalspyspiesheylivedinpalaces
andtheyobefoundintheloginshopsthey
peepedthroughthekeyholesofthenisterialcabiand
theylistenedtothenversationsofthepeopleaking
theaironthebenunicipalparktheyguarded
thefrontiersothatnooneghtleavehoutadulyviseed
passportandtheyinspectedallpackages；thatnobooksh
dangerous‘‘frenoftheir
royalsterstheysatangthestudentsinthelecture
hallandotheprofessorteredathe
existingorderofthingstheyfollohelittleboysand
girlsontheirochurchlesttheyplayhookey
innyofthesetaskstheyedbytheclergy
thechurchhadsufferedgreatlyduringthedaysofthe
revolutionthechurchpropertyhadbeennfiscatedseveral
priestshadbeenkilledandthegenerationthathadleaedits
cathechisrooltaireandrousseauandtheotherfrench
philosophershaddancedaroundthealtarofreasonwhen
thetteeofpublicsafetyhadabolishedtheworshipof
godinoctoberoftheyear1793thepriestshadfollohe
‘‘egresintotheirlongexilenoheyretuedinthe
iesandtheysettohavengeance
eventhejesuitscabackin1814andresudtheir
forrlaboursofeducatingtheyoungtheirorderhadbeen
alittletoosuccessfulinitsfightagainsttheeneesofthe
churchithadestablished‘‘provincesineverypartofthe
oteachthenativestheblessingsofchristianity；but
soonithaddevelopedintoaregulartradingpanyh
erferinghthecivilauthoritiesduringthe
reignoftherquisdepoal；thegreatrefognister
ofportugal；theyhadbeendrivenoutoftheportugueselands
andintheyear1773attherequestofstofthecatholic
poheorderhadbeensuppressedbypope
clentxivnoheyhejob；andpreached
theprinate
dynastytochildrenshadhiredshophat
theyghtlaughatrieantoitedrivingtothescaffold
isery
butintheprotestantuntrieslikeprussia；thingswere
notabetterthegreatpatrioticleadersoftheyear1812；
thepoetsandtheershe
usurper；agoguestheir
housestersheywere
obligedtoreporttothepoliceatregularintervalsandgivean
aselvestheprussiandrillsterloose
inallhisfuryupontheyoungergenerationyof
studentsationh
noisybutharessfestivitiesontheoldburg；theprussian
bureaunentrevolutionwhen
atheologicalstudent；rehonestthanintelligent；killeda
russiangoventspyany；the
universitiesedunderpolicesupervisionandprofessors
issedoftrial
russia；ofurse；oreabsurdintheseanti
revolutionaryactivitiesalexanderhadreveredfroisattack
ofpietyheelancholiahe
itedabilitiesandunderstoodho
viennahehadbeenthevietteichandthe
krudeneranreandrehetuedhisbackuponthe
eatrulyrussianrulererestslayin
nstantinople；theoldholycitythathadbeenthefirstteacher
oftheslavstheolderhegreheharderhehe
lessheplishandinhisstudy；
hisnisterstuedtheilitary
barracks
itisnotaprettypictureperhapsighthaveshortened
thisdescriptionofthegreatreactionbutitisjustaswell
thatyoushouldhaveathoroughknohiseraitwas
notthefirsttithatanattethadbeendetosetthe
clockofhistorybacktheresultheusualone
nationalindependence
theloveofnationalindependence；
hooostrongtobe
destroyedinthishesouth
aricanshefirsttorebel
agai