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tobedestroyedatallst
itstaffect
theloniesalonyunderthercantilesysteeca
relyareservoirofgoldandsilverandspices；hwas
tobetappedforthebenefitofthehountrytheasiatic；
arietalsandtheraw
terialsofthesetropicaluntriesbecaanopolyof
thestateoohatparticularlonyno
outsiderhintheprecinctsandnonative
ittedtotradeerchantwhoseshipflewa
foreignflag
undoubtedlytherent
ofyoungindustriesincertainuntrieshere
never
………………………………
第73节
hadbeenanynufacturingbeforeitbuiltroads
anddugeansoftransportation
itdendedgreaterskillangtheenandgavethe
rchantabettersocialposition；hepower
ofthelandedaristocracy
ontheotherhand；itcausedverygreatseryitde
thenativesintheloniestheviostshaless
exploitationitexposedtheeuntrytoan
evenreterriblefateithelpedinagreatasuretotu
everylandintoanardcaanddividedtheolittle
bitsofterritory；eachsobenefit；
estodestroytheposneighbours
andgetholdoftheirtreasuresitlaidsochstress
upontheiortanceofoe
toberegardedasthesolevirtueoftheaveragecitizenenoc
systeeandgolikethefashionsinsurgeryand
intheclothesofen；andduringthenieenthcenturythe
rcantilesysteffree
andopenpetitionatleast；soihavebeentold
thearicanrevolution
attheendoftheeighteenthcentury
europeheardstrangereportsof
sothinghhadhappenedin
theerican
ntinentthedescendants
ofthenwhohadpunishedking
charlesforhisinsistenceuponhis
‘‘divinerightsaddedaneer
totheoldstoryofthestruggle
forselfgovent
forthesakeofnvenience；togobacka
feuriesandrepeattheearlyhistoryofthegreat
struggleforlonialpossessions
assoonasanuerofeuropeannationshadbeen
createdupontheneionalordynasticinterests；
thatistosay；duringandiediatelyafterthethirty
yearsheirrulers；backedupbythecapitalof
theirrchantsandtheshipsoftheirtradingpanies；
ntinuedthefightforreterritoryinasia；africaandarica
thespaniardsandtheportuguesehadbeenexploringthe
indianseaandthepaorethanacenturyere
hollandandenglandappeareduponthestagethisproved
anadvantagetothelatterthefirstroughworkhadalready
beendoneore；theearliestnavigatorshadsooften
detheelvesunpopularericanand
africannativesthatboththeenglishandthedutchwere
edasfriendsanddeliverersany
superiorvirtuesforeitherofthesettheywere
rchantsbeforeeverythingelsetheyneverallowedreligious
nsiderationstointerferensense
duringtheirfirstrelationshes；alleuropean
nationshavebehavedhshockingbrutalitytheenglishand
thedutch；hoterodrahedineprovided
theygottheirspicesandtheirgoldandsilverandtheirtaxes；
they
itthereforetoestablish
theelvesintherichestpartsoftheassoonas
thishadbeenacplished；theybegantofighteachotherfor
stillfurtherpossessionsstrangelyenough；thelonialwars
selvestheyided
threethousandlesahenaviesofthentending
untriesitisoneofthestinterestingprinciplesofancient
anddehefewreliablelawsof
historythat‘‘thenationndstheseaisalsothe
nationndsthelandsofarthislawhasnever
failedtoodeairplaneyhavechangedit
intheeighteenthcentury；hoachines
andithebritishnavyhgainedforengland
hervastaricanandindianandafricanlonies
theseriesofnavalweenenglandandhollandin
theseventeenthcenturydoesnotinterestushereitendedas
allsuchenuntersbetatchedpowerswill
endbuttheher
rivalisofgreateriortancetous；forhesuperior
britishfleetintheenddefeatedthefrenchnavy；agreatdeal
oftheprelinaryfightingerican
ntinentinthisvastuntry；bothfranceandengland
claideverythingore
anhadeverseenin1497cabot
hadlandedinthenorthepartofaricaandtyseven
yearslater；giovanniverrazanohadvisitedtheseastscabot
hadfloheenglishflagverrazanohadsailedunderthe
frened
theelvestheoheentirentinent
duringtheseventeenthallenglish
lonieshadbeenfoundedbetaineandthecarolinas
theyeparticularsect
ofenglishdissenters；suchasthepuritans；heyear
1620tonehequakers；tledin
pennsylvaniain1681theyallfrontieities；
nestlingclosetotheshoresoftheocean；wherepeoplehad
gatheredtokeaneeandbeginlifeanghappier
surroundings；fararoyalsupervisionandinterference
thefrenchlonies；ontheotherhand；alained
apossessionofthecrosorprotestantswere
alloightntanate
theindianshtheirdangerousprotestantdoctrinesand
issionaryhejesuit
fatherstheenglishlonies；therefore；hadbeenfounded
uponachhealthierbasisthantheirfrenchneighboursand
rivalstheyrcialenergyof
theenglishddleclasses；entswere
inhabitedbypeopleheoceanasservantsofthe
kingandedtoretutoparisatthefirstpossiblechance
politically；hohepositionoftheenglishlonies
satisfactorythefrenchhaddisveredthe
uthofthesaintla
theregionofthegreatlakestheyhadheirhward；
haddescendedthessissippiandhadbuiltseveralfortifications
alongthegulfofxiafteracenturyofexploration；
alineofsixtyfrenents
alongtheatlantitheinterior
theenglishlandgrants；detothedifferentlonial
panieshadgiventhe‘alllandfroeatoseathis
soundedinpractice；britishterritory
endedhelineoffrenchfortificationsbegantobreak
throughthisbarrierwas
………………………………
第74节
possiblebutittookbothnand
neyandcausedaseriesofhorribleborderh
bothsidesrderedtheireneighbours；hthehelpofthe
indiantribes
aslongasthestuartshadruledenglandtherehadbeen
nodangerofhfrancethestuartsneededthebourbons
intheirattettoestablishanautoofgovent
andtobreakthepoentbutin1689the
lastofthestuartshaddisappearedfroritishsoilanddutch
；thegreateneoflouisxivsucceededhifrobr 》
thattion；untilthetreatyofparisof1763；franceand
englandfoughtforthepossessionofindiaandnortharica
duringtheseheenglishnavies
invariablybeatthefrenherlonies；france
loststofherpossessions；andhe
entirenort