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punishnt；theyoungprincetoalittlefortress
soheprovincestobetaughtthedetailsofhisfuture
businessofbeingakingitprovedablessingindisguise
etothethronein1740；heknewhowhis
untryanagedfrohebirthcertificateofapaupers
sontothenutestdetailofaplicatedannualbudget
asanauthor；especiallyinhisbookcalledthe‘‘anti
cchiavelli；frederickhadexpressedhisntetforthe
politicalcreedoftheancientflorentinehistorian；whohad
advisedhisprincelypupilstolieandcheatwas
necessarytodosoforthebenefitoftheiruntrytheideal
rulerinfrederiehefirstservantofhispeople；
theenlighteneddespotaftertheexaleoflouisxivin
practice；hok；whileworkingforhispeople
tasa
unsellorhisnisterslerksprussiawashis
privatepossession；tobetreatedacrdingtohisownwishes
andnothingointerferehtheinterestofthe
state
intheyear1740theeerorcharlesvi；ofaustria；
diedhehadtriedtokethepositionofhisonlydaughter；
riatheresa；sentreaty；tenblack
onentbutnosoonerhad
theoldeerorbeendepositedintheancestralcryptofthe
habsburgfaly；thanthearesoffrederickarching
toheaustrianfrontiertooccupythatpartofsilesiafor
osteverythingelseincentraleurope
prussiaeancientandvery
doubtfulrightsofclaiinanuerofk
nqueredallofsilesia；andalthoughheenverynear
defeat；heintainedhielfinhisneerritories
againstallaustrianunterattacks
europetookduenoticeofthissuddenappearanceofa
verypoans
hegreatreligious
byanyonefrederick；
byaneffortassuddenandquiteasterrificasthatof
peterofrussia；ptintoone
offeartheintealaffairsofprussiawerearrang
………………………………
第72节
edso
skillfullythatthesubjectshadlessreasonforplaintthan
elsereasuryshoeadofa
deficittorturewas
irovedgoodroadsandgoodschoolsandgooduniversities；
togetherinistration；dethe
peoplefeelthatandedofthe
theytospeaktheveaoneysh
afterhavingbeenforseveralcenturiesthebattlefieldof
thefrenchandtheaustriansandtheshedanes
andthepoles；gey；enuragedbytheexaleofprussia；
begantoregainselfnfidenceandthisheworkof
thelittleoldn；svered
hsnuff；veryunpleasantthings
abouthisneighbours；andeof
eighteenthcenturydiplocyhoutanyregardforthetruth；
providedheuldgainsothingbyhisliesthisinspiteof
hisbook；‘‘anticchiavelliintheyear1786theend
cahisfriendshildrenhehadneverhad
hediedalone；tendedbyasingleservantandhisfaithful
dogs；helovedbetterthanhunbeingsbecause；ashe
said；theyainedtruetotheir
friends
thercantilesystebr 》
hoheneionalor
dynasticstatesofeuropetriedto
ketheelvesrichandwas
antbythercantilesystebr 》
eenthandtheseventeenth
odeotakeshape
theiroriginsosteverycasesohad
beentheresultofthedeliberateeffortofasinglekingothers
hadhappenedbychancestillothershadbeentheresultof
favourablenaturalgeographicboundariesbutoncetheyhad
beenfounded；theyhadalloftheriedtostrengthentheir
intealadnistrationandtoexertthegreatestpossibleinfluence
uponforeignaffairsallthisofursehadstagreat
dealofneythediaevalstatehitslackofcentralised
podependuponarichtreasurythekinggothis
revenuesfrohecroainsandhiscivilservicepaidfor
itselfthedecentralisedstateoreplicated
affairtheoldknightsdisappearedandhiredgovent
offiy；navy；and
intealadnistrationdendedllionsthequestionthen
becaoneytobefound
goldandsilverhadbeenararedityintheddle
agestheaveragen；asihavetoldyou；neversawagold
pieceaslongashelivedonlytheinhabitantsofthelarge
citiesiliarerica
andtheexploitationoftheperuvianneschangedallthis
theediterraneanto
theatlantiercialcitiesofitalylost
theirfinanercialnationstook
theirplaceandgoldandsilvery
throughspainandportugalandhollandandengland；
preetalsbegantofindtheiroeuropethesixteenth
centuryhaditsoersonthesubjectofpolitical
enoandtheyevolvedatheoryofnationalhh
seedtothentirelysoundandofthegreatestpossible
benefittotheirrespectiveuntriestheyreasonedthatboth
goldandsilverualhthereforetheybelieved
thattheuntryhthelargestsupplyofactualcashinthe
vaultsofitstreasuryanditsbanksetithe
rieantares；itfollowed
thattherichestuntryostpoould
ruletherestoftheworld
the‘‘rcantilesysteanditwas
acceptedeunquestioningfaithhhe
earlychristiansbelievedinraclesandnyofthepresent
dayaricanbusinessnbelieveinthetariffinpractice；
thercantilesystesfollothe
largestsurplusofpreetalsauntrysthavea
favourablebalanoreto
youeighbourthanheexportstoyourory；hewill
ooneyandeofhis
goldhenceyougainandhelosesasaresultofthiscreed；
theenoofalsteveryseventeenthcentury
statewasasfollows：
1trytogetpossessionofasnypreetals
asyoucan
2enurageforeigntradeinpreferenestic
trade
3enuragethoseindustriesaterials
intoexportablefinishedproducts
4enuragealargepopulation；foryouen
foryourfaunity
doesnotraiseenoughen
5letthestatechthisprocessandinterferewhenever
itisnecessarytodoso
insteadofregardinginteationaltradeassothing
akintoaforceofnatureainnatural
laansinterference；thepeopleofthe
sixteenthandseventeenthcenturiestriedtoregulatetheir
rcebythehelpofofficialdecreesandroyallaial
helponthepartofthegovent
inthesixteenthercantile
systethingentirelyneroduced
itintohisnypossessionselizabethofengland
flatteredhiyheritationthebourbons；especiallyking
louisxiv；icaladherentsofthisdoctrineandlbert；
hisgreatnisteroffinanercantilisbr 》
toalleuropelookedforguidance
theentireforeignpoliical
appliercantilesysteited
againsttherichrivalrepublifhollandforthedutch
shippers；asthenerchandiseofeurope；
hadcertainleaningstoradeandthereforehad
tobedestroyedatallst
itstaffect
theloniesalonyunderthercantilesysteeca
relyareserv