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angallpartiesbuththeincreased
strengthofparliant；hehadfounditiossibleto
directthepoliticsoftheuntryhthehelpofthetories
ajorityinthehouseofns
thereforethetorieshadbeendisssedandthecabiuncil
hadbeenposedentirelyofwhigsafeer
ns；the
king；forthesakeofnvenience；olookforhis
supportangtheleadingtoriesuntilhisdeathin1702；
uch
aboutthegoventofenglandpracticallyalliortant
affairshadbeenlefttohiscabiuncils
sisterinlain1702thisnditionof
affairsntinuedunately
notasingleoneofherseventeenchildrensurvivedherthe
throogeorgeiofthehouseofhanover；thesonof
sophie；granddaughterofjasi
thissoonarch；whoneverleaedaword
ofenglish；plicatedzesofenglands
politicalarrangentshelefteverythingtohiscabi
uncilandkeptatheiretings；hbored
hishedidnotunderstandasinglesentenceinthisway
thecabigotintothehabitofrulingenglandandstland
enthadbeenjoinedtothatofengland
in1707houtbotheringtheking；tospend
agreatdealofhistionthentinent
duringthereignofgeorgeiandgeorgeii；asuccessionof
greatefor
tedthecabiunciloftheking
theirleaderheofficialleadeot
onlyoftheaajoritypartyin
poenttheattetsofgeorgeiiitotake
ttersintohisotoleavetheactualbusiness
ofgoventtohiscabirousthat
theytheearliestyearsofthe
eighteenthent；
inistryedtheaffairs
oftheland
tobequitetrue；thisgoventdidnotrepresentall
aninadozenhadtheright
tovotebutitoderepresentative
forfgoventinaquietandorderlyfashionit
tookthepothe
………………………………
第67节
kingandplaceditinthehands
ofaneverincreasingnuerofpopularrepresentativesitdid
notbringthelleniuoengland；butitsavedthatuntry
froostoftherevolutionaryoutbreakshprovedso
disastroustotheeuropeanntinentintheeighteenthand
nieenthcenturies
thebalanceofpower
infranceontheotherhandthe‘‘divine
rightofkingsntinuedh
greaterpoandsplendourthan
everbeforeandtheaitionof
therulerperedby
theneedlahe
‘‘balanceofpower
asantrasttothepreviouschapter；lettellyou
happenedinfranceduringtheyearsheenglishpeople
bination
oftherightnintherightuntryattherightntisvery
rareinhistorylouisxivionofthisideal；as
farasfrancetherestofeuropewould
havebeenhappier
theuntryoverheyoungkingorule
ostpopulousandthestbrilliantnationofthat
daylouiscatothethroneazarinandrichelieu；
thetredtheancientfrench
kingdontotheststronglycentralisedstateoftheseventeenth
centuryheselfanofextraordinaryability
hepeopleofthetiethcentury；arestill
surroundedbytheriesofthegloriousageofthesunking
oursoannersandthe
eleganceofexpressionattainedattheurtoflouisin
inteationalanddiploticrelations；frenchisstilltheofficial
languageofdiplocyandinteationalgatheringsbecause
turiesagoitreachedapolishedeleganceandapurity
ofexpressionhertonguehadasyetbeenableto
equalthetheatreofkinglouisstillteachesuslessons
ooslohe
freooccupy
apositioninthetersheruntrieshave
flatteredbytheiritationightntinuethislistfor
nypagesitisnotterofreode
billoffareisprintedinfrenchtheverydifficultartof
decentoking；oneofthehighestexpressionsofcivilisation；
onarchthe
ageoflouisxiveofsplendourandgracehcan
stillteachusalot
unfortunatelythisbrilliantpicturehasanothersideh
eans
seryatho；andfranceiontothisrule
louisxivsucceededhisfatherintheyear1643hediedin
theyear1715thatansthatthegoventoffrance
anforseventytwoyears；
alsttions
itgraspofthisidea；‘‘onesingle
nlouisonarchswhoin
nyuntriesestablishedthatpartiofhighlyefficient
autocracyhe
didnotlikekingserelyplayedatbeingrulersand
tuedofficialaffairsintoapleasantpiicthekingsof
thatenlightenedagehananyoftheirsubjects
theygotupearlierandtobedlaterthananybodyelse；
andfelttheir‘‘divineresponsibilityquiteasstronglyastheir
‘‘divinerighttorulehoutnsulting
theirsubjects
ofurse；thekinguldnotattendtoeverythinginperson
heselfhafewhelpers
anduncillorsoneorteexpertsuponforeign
politics；afeistswoulddo
forthispurposebutthesedignitariesuldactonlythrough
theirsovereigntheyhadnoindividualexistencetothe
ssofthepeople；thesovereignactuallyrepresentedinhis
oentoftheiruntrythe
gloryofthenfatherlandbecathegloryofasingle
dynastyitanttheexactoppositeofouroerican
idealfrancehehouseofbourbon
thedisadvantagesofsuchasysterecleartheking
greobeeverythingeverybodyelsegreobenothingat
alltheoldandusefulnobilityogive
upitsforrsharesinthegoventoftheprovincesalittle
royalbureaucrat；hisfingerssplashedhink；sittingbehind
thegreenishentbuildinginfaraway
paris；noedthetaskhahundredyears
beforehadbeenthedutyofthefeudallordthefeudallord；
deprivedofallovedtoparistoasehielfasbest
heuldattheurtsoonhisestatesbegantosufferfrobr 》
thatverydangerousenocsickness；knoee
landlordishinasinglegeneration；theindustrious
andusefulfeudaladnistratorshadbeetheannered
butquiteuselessloafersoftheurtofversailles
louisenyearsoldhepeaceofphaliawas
ncludedandthehouseofhabsburg；asaresultofthe
thirtyyearsinantpositionineurope
itanbitionshoulduseso
favourableanttogainforhisoythehonours
erlybeenheldbythehabsburgsintheyear
1660louishadrriedriatheresa；daughteroftheking
ofspainsoonafterherinlaw；philipiv；one
ofthehalftedspanishhabsburgs；diedatoncelouis
claidthespanishherlandsbelgiuspartofhis
ionrous
tothepeaceofeurope；andhreatenedthesafety
oftheprotestantstatesundertheleadershipofjandet；
raadpensionarisorforeignnisteroftheunitedseven
herlands；thefirstgreatinteationalalliance；thetriple
allianceofsheyear1661；
oneyandfair
proseslouisboughtupbothkingcharlesandtheswedish
estateshollandrayedbyheralli