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andtookedinburghaniredoffurther
talkandedhoursofreligiousdebate；haddecidedtoact
ontheiroovedfroarliantall
thoseagreehtheiroanviehereupon
the‘‘ru；ent；
accusedthekingofhightreasonthehouseoflords
refusedtositasatribunalaspecialtribunaled
anditndeedthekingtodeathonthe30thofjanuary
oftheyear1649；kingcharleslyoutofawindow
ofehallontothescaffoldthatday；thesovereign
people；actingthroughtheirchosenrepresentatives；forthe
firsttiexecutedarulerounderstandhisown
positioninthedestate
theperiodhedeathofcharlesisusually
firsttheunofficialdictator
ofengland；headelordprotectorintheyear
1653heruledfiveyearsheusedthisperiodtontinue
thepoliorebecathearch
eneofenglandandadeanational
andsacredissue
therceofenglandandtheinterestsofthetraders
hingelse；andtheprotestantcreedof
thestrictestnatureaintainedinintaining
englandspositionabroad；croessfulasa
soer；hoheworldis
deupofanuerofpeopleandtheyrarelythinkalike
inthelongrun；thisseeaveryent
ofandbyandforonesinglepartoftheentirenity
cannotpossiblysurvivethepuritanshadbeenagreat
forceforgoodheytriedtorrecttheabuseofthe
royalpoe
intolerable
atterforthe
stuartstoretutotheiroldkingdoindeed；theywere
edas‘‘deliverersbythepeoplehe
yokeoftheekpuritansquiteashardtobearasthatofautocratic
kingcharlesprovidedthestuartsoforget
aboutthedivinerightoftheirlateandlantedfather
andent；the
peopleprosedthattheyhfulsubjects
takeasuccessofthisneent
butthestuartsapparentlyhadnotleaedtheir
lessonandodroptheirbadhabitscharlesii；
ebackintheyear1660；iablebuthless
personhisindolenceandhisnstitutionalinsistenceupon
folloheeasiesturse；togetherhhisnspicuoussuccess
asaliar；preventedanopenoutbreakbetselfand
hispeoplebytheaityin1662hebrokethe
poen
froheirparishesbythesocallednventicleactof
1664hetriedtopreventthedissentersfrottendingreligious
etingsbyathreatofdeportationtotheindiesthis
lookedtoochlikethegoodolddaysofdivinerightpeople
begantoshopatience；
andparliantsuddenlyexperienceddifficultyinproviding
thekinghfunds
sinoneyfronunent；
charlesborrohisneighbourandusin
kinglouisoffrancehebetrayedhisprotestantalliesin
retufor200；000poundsperyear；andlaughedatthepoor
siletonsofparliant
enocindependencesuddenlygavethekinggreatfaith
inhisoanyyearsofexileang
hiscatholicrelationsandhehadasecretlikingfortheir
religionperhapsheuldbringenglandbaehe
passedadeclarationofindulgenceheold
lathecatholicsanddissentersthishappenedjust
ese
aaninthestreet
peoplebegantofearsoterriblepopishplotane
ofunrestenteredthelandstofthepeopleedtoprevent
anotheroutbreakofcivilroyaloppression
andacatholic
………………………………
第66节
kingyea；evendivineright；were
preferabletoaneeersofthesa
raceothershouch
feareddissenters；heurageoftheir
nvictionstheyenwhodid
nottoseearetuoftheolddaysofabsoluteroyal
power
foralsttenyears；thesetparties；thewhigs
theddleclasselent；calledbythisderisivenabe
causeintheyear1640alotofsttishoresorhorse
droversheadedbythepresbyterianclergy；hadrchedto
edinburghtoopposethekingandthetoriesanepithet
originallyusedagainsttheroyalistirishadherentsbutnow
appliedtothesupportersofthekingopposedeachother；but
neitherobringaboutacrisistheyalloo
diepeaesii
tosucceedhisbrotherin1685butes；afterthreatening
theuntryhtheterribleforeigninventionofa‘‘standing
adedbyen；
issuedasenddeclarationofindulgencein1688；and
orderedittobereadinallanglicanchurches；hejusta
triflebeyondthatlineofsensibledercationhcanonlybe
transgressedbythestpopularofrulersundervery
exstancessevenbishopsrefusedtoply
ndtheyious
libeltheybeforeaurtthejuryh
pronouncedtheverdictof‘‘notguiltyreapedarichharvest
ofpopularapproval
atthisunfortunatent；jasarriage
hadtakentoariaoftheodena
estebeeantthatthethrone
ogotoacatholicboyratherthantohisoldersisters；
ryandanne；aninthestreet
againgreariaofdenaoooldtohave
childrenitofaplotastrangebabyhadbeen
broughtintothepalacebysojesuitpriestthatengland
ghthaveaonarchandsoonitlookedasif
anothercivilthensevenwellknown
n；bothteraskingthehusband
ofjassoldestdaughterry；iiithestadtholder
orheadofthedutchrepublic；toetoenglandand
delivertheuntryfrotslaentirelyundesirable
sovereign
onthefifthofnoveeroftheyear1688；landed
attorbayashedidnotakeartyroutofhis
fatherinlatoescapesafelytofranceon
the22ndofjanuaryof1689hesuonedparlianton
the13thoffebruaryofthesayearheandhisary
edjointsovereignsofenglandandtheuntry
heprotestantcause
parliant；havingundertakentobesothingrethan
areadvisorybodytotheking；dethebestofits
opportunitiestheoldpetitionofrightsoftheyear1628was
fishedoutofaforgottennookofthearchivesasendand
redrastiandedthatthesovereignof
englandshouldbelongtotheanglicanchurchfurtherre
itstatedthatthekinghadnorighttosuspendthelawsor
pertcertainprivilegedcitizenstodisobeycertainla
stipulatedthat‘‘entnotaxesuld
beleviedandnoaruldbeintainedthusintheyear
1689didenglandacquireanauntoflibertyunknownin
anyotheruntryofeurope
butitisnotonlyonaeasure
thattheruleofinenglandisstillreeredduring
hislifeti；goventbya‘‘responsiblenistryfirst
developednokingofursecanrulealoneheneedsafew
trustedadvisorsthetudorshadtheirgreatuncilh
posedofnoblesandclergythisbodygreoo
largeitall‘‘privyuncilinthe
urseoftiitbeeet
thekinginacabiinthepalacehencetheyalled
the‘‘cabiuncilafterashortheywereknown
asthe‘‘cabi
；likestenglishsovereignsbeforehihad
angallpartiesbuththeincreased
strengthofparliant；hehadfoundi