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ofgreeceandro；hechiefresultsofthe
renaissanceinitaly；filledtheirheartshhorror
butthepapacyandthellegeofcardinalsost
entirelyposedofitaliansandtheyhadtuedthechurch
intoapleasantclubusicand
thetheatre；butrarelyntionedreligionhencethesplit
betorecivilisedbuteasygoing
andindifferentsouthhe
tiandnobodyseedtobeahedangerthatthreatened
thechurch
thereinorreasonshe
refortiontookplaceingeyratherthaninsweden
orenglandthegesboreanancientgrudgeagainst
rotheendlessquarrelsbetperorandpopehad
causedchtualbitteessintheothereuropeanuntries
entrestedinthehandsofastrong
king；therulerhadoftenbeenabletoprotecthissubjects
againstthegreedofthepriestsingey；whereashadowy
eerorruledaturbulentcrotleprincelings；thegood
burghersoredirectlyatthercyoftheirbishopsand
prelatesthesedignitariess
ofneyforthebenefitofthoseenoruschurchesh
ans
feltthattheyulctedandquitenaturallytheydid
notlikeit
andthenthereistherarelyntionedfactthatgey
eoftheprintingpressinnortheeuropebooks
hebiblewa
………………………………
第57节
snolongerasteriousnu
scriptohepriestitwasahousehold
bookofnyfaliesinoodbythe
fatherandbythechildreniliesbegantoreadit；
thelahechurchtheydisveredthat
thepriestsnythingso
theoriginaltextoftheholyscriptures；edifferent
thiscauseddoubtpeoplebegantoaskquestionsand
questions；heycannotbeansencauseagreat
dealoftrouble
theattackbegananistsofthenorthopened
fireuponthenksintheirheartofheartstheystillhad
toochrespectandreverenceforthepopetodirecttheir
salliesagainsthisstholypersonbutthelazy；ignorant
nks；livingbehindtheshelteringonasteries；
offeredraresport
theleaderinthisuriouslyenough；wasavery
faithfulsonofthechurchgerardgerardzoon；ordesiderius
erass；asheisusuallycalled；wasapoorboy；boin
rotterdanholland；andeducatedatthesalatinschool
ofdeventerfrosakeishadgraduated
hehadbeeapriestandforatihehadlivedinanastery
hehadtravelledagreatdealandknee；
phleteerhewould
havebeencalledaneditorialerinourdaytheworldwas
greatlyasedatananonyusseriesoflettershhad
justappearedunderthetitleof‘‘lettersofobscuren
intheseletters；thegeneralstupidityandarroganceofthe
nksofthelateddleagesrange
gelatindoggerelindsoneofourde
lirickserasshielfwasaveryleaedandserious
scholar；hlatinandgreekandgaveusthefirst
reliableversionoftheneent；ranslated
intolatintogetherharrectededitionoftheoriginal
greektextbuthebelievedanpoet；
thatnothingpreventsusfro‘statingthetruthile
uponourlips
intheyear1500；asreineng
land；hetookafeeafunnylittlebook；
calledthe‘‘praiseoffolly；inonks
andtheircredulousfolloostdangerousofall
orthebooklethebestsellerofthesixteenth
centuryitosteverylanguage
anditdepeoplepayattentiontothoseotherbooksof
erassinofthenyabusesof
the
inhistaskofbringingaboutagreatrebirthofthechristian
faith
butnothinguswas
tooreasonableandtootoleranttopleasestoftheenees
ofthechurchtheyore
robustnature
heca；andhisnaartinluther
lutheranpeasanthafirstclass
brainandpossessedofgreatpersonaluragehewasa
universityn；asterofartsoftheuniversityoferfurt；
afterinie
allegeprofessoratthetheologicalschooloftenberg
andbegantoexplainthescripturestotheindifferentploughboys
ofhissaxonhohehadalotofsparetiandthisheused
tostudytheoriginaltextsoftheoldandneents
soonhebegantoseethegreatdifferenceedbetween
theandthosethathepopesandthebishops
intheyear1511；hevisitedroonofficialbusiness
alexandervi；ofthefalyofborgia；self
forthebenefitofhissonanddaughter；his
suanofirreproachablepersonalcharacter；
ostofhistifightingandbuildingand
didnotiressthisseriousndedgetheologianh
hispietylutherretuedtouchdisappointed
nbutofollow
thegiganticchurchofstpeterhpopejuliushad
successors；althoughonlyhalfbegun；
every
pennyofthepapaltreasuryleox；ceededjulius
intheyear1513；hevergeofbankruptcyhereverted
toanoldthodofraisingreadycashhebegantosell
‘‘indulgencesanindulgenceenth
inretuforaoney；prosedasinneradecrease
ofthetiospendinpurgatory
itlyrrectthingacrdingtothecreedofthe
lateddleagessincethechurchhadthepooforgive
thesinsofthoserulyrepentedbeforetheydied；the
churchalsohadtherighttoshorten；throughitsintercession
eduringustbepunfied
intheshadosofpurgatory
itustbesoldfor
neybuttheyofferedaneasyforfrevenueandbesides；
thoseoopoortopay；receivedtheirsfoothing
nohappenedintheyear1517thattheexclusiveterritory
forthesaleofindulgencesinsaxonyoa
donieofjohantetzelbrother
johanantotellthetruthhewasa
littletooeagerhisbusinessthodsoutragedthepious
peopleofthelittleduchyandluther；
fellosoangrythathedidarashthingonthe31stof
octoberoftheyear1517；hetotheurtchurchandupon
thedoorsthereofhepostedasheetofpaperhniyfive
statentsortheses；attackingthesaleofindulgences
thesestatentshadbeenteninlatinlutherhadno
intentionofstartingariothearevolutionisthe
objectedtotheinstitutionoftheindulgencesandheedhis
fellobut
thisillaprivateaffairoftheclericalandprofessorial
nity
oflayn
unfortunately；atthatnthewholeworldhad
beguntotakeaninterestinthereligiousaffairsoftheday
itpossibletodiscussanything；houtatonce
entaldisturbanceinlessthantwo
nths；alleuropeheniyfivethesesof
thesaxonnkeveryonesttakesideseveryobscure
littletheologianstprinthisohepapal
authoritiesbegantobealardtheyorderedthetenberg
professortoproeandgiveanacuntofhisaction
luthereeredhadhappenedtohusshe
stayedingeya
………………………………
第58节
ndhenication
lutherbuedthepapalbullinthepresenceofan
adringltitudeandfrohatnt；peacebetself
an