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plansforsuchavoyagetotheurtsofportugalandspain
theportuguese；onop
olyoftheeasteroute；listentohisplansin
spain；ferdinandofaragonandisabellaofcastile；whose
rriagein1469haddespainintoasinglekingdowere
busydrivingtheorsfroheirlaststronghold；granada
theyhadnoneyforriskyexpeditionstheyneededevery
pesetafortheirsoldiers
feofightasdesperatelyfor
theirideasasthisbraveitalianbutthestoryofloo
orlonorluus；as；istooo
bearrepeatingtheorssurrenderedgranadaonthesend
ofjanuaryoftheyear1492inthenthofaprilofthe
sayear；luussignedantracththekingand
queenofspainonfriday；the3rdofaugust；heleftpalos
en；nyof
inalsnityofpunishnt
iftheyjoinedtheexpeditionattoing
offriday；the12thofobusdisveredlandon
thefourthofjanuaryoftheyear1493；luuswavedfarewell
tothe44nofthelittlefortressoflanavidadnone
ofeward
bytheddleoffebruaryhereachedtheazoreshe
portuguesethreatenedtothrointogaolonthefifteenth
ofrch；1493；theadralreachedpalosandtogetherh
hisindiansforhee
outlyingislandsoftheindiesandcalledthenativesred
indianshehastenedtobarcelonatotellhisfaithfulpatrons
thathehadbeensuccessfulandthattheroadtothe
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第52节
goldand
thesilverofcathayandzipanguthedisposaloftheir
stajesties
alas；luusneverknehetruthtoheend
ofhislife；onhisfourthvoyage；ainland
ofsoutharica；heyhavesuspectedthatallwas
notbelief
thatthereinentbetweeneuropeandasia
andthathehadfoundthedirectroutetochina
anheportuguese；stickingtotheireasteroute；
hadbeenrefortunateintheyear1498；vasdaga
hadbeenabletoreaalabarandretusafely
tolisbonhacargoofspiceintheyear1502hehad
repeatedthevisitbutalongtheeroute；theworkof
explorationhadbeenstdisappointingin1497and1498
johnandsebastiancabothadtriedtofindapassagetojapan
buttheyhadseennothingbutthesnosandthe
rocksofnebeensightedbythe
northn；fiveerigovespucci；aflorentine
ethepilotjorofspain；andwhogavehis
natooutinent；hadexploredtheastofbrazil；but
hadfoundnotatraceoftheindies
intheyear1513；sevenyearsafterthedeathofluus；
thetruthatlastbegantodahegeographersof
europevasnunezdebalboahadusof
pana；hadcliedthefauspeakindarien；andhad
lookeddoedto
suggesttheexistenceofanotherocean
finallyintheyear1519afleetoffivesllspanishships
undedoftheportuguesenavigator；ferdinandde
gellan；sailedeasthatroute；
elyinthehandsoftheportuguesewhoallowedno
petitioninsearagellancrossed
theatlanticbethward
hereachedanarroostpoint
ofpatagonia；the‘‘landofthepeoplehthebigfeet；and
thefireislandsonadonacuntofafire；theonlysignof
theexistenceofnatives；hesailorschedonenight
foralstfiveercy
oftheterriblestorandblizzardsthroughthe
straitsatinybrokeoutangthesailorsgellan
suppressediten
onshoreheytorepentoftheirsinsatleisure
atlastthestorquieteddohechannelbroadened；and
gellanenteredanesand
placidhecalleditthepeacefulsea；therepacifi
thenhentinuedinaedirectionhesailedfor
niyeightdaysost
perishedfroungerandthirstandatetheratsthatinfested
theships；andheseheycheesof
sailtostilltheirgnawinghunger
inrchoftheyear1521theysaagellancalled
itthelandoftheladroneseansrobbersbecausethe
nativesstoleeverythingtheyuldlayhandsonthenfurther
othespiceislands
againlandagellan
calledthehephilippines；afterphilip；thesonofhis
sterery
atfirstgellanwhenheused
thegunsofhisshipstokechristiannvertshewaskilled
bytheaborigines；togetherberofhiscaptainsand
sailorsthesurvivorsbuedoneofthethreereiningships
andntinuedtheirvoyagetheyfoundtheluccas；the
fausspiceislands；theysightedboeoandreachedtidor
there；oneofthetooleakytobeoffurtheruse；
reinedbehindhhercretoria；undersebastian
delissedseeingthe
northeastofaustraliadisvereduntil
thefirsthalfoftheseventeenthcenturyhe
dutcheastindiapanyexploredthisflatandinhospitable
land；andaftergreathardshipsreachedspain
thisostnotableofallvoyagesithadtaken
threeyearsithadbeenacplishedatagreatstbothof
nandneybutithadestablishedthefactthattheearth
buswere
notapartoftheindiesbutaseparatentinentfrohat
tion；spainandportugaldevotedalltheirenergiestothe
developntoftheirindianandaricantradetoprevent
anardnflictbetherivals；popealexandervithe
onlyavoostholy
officehadobliginglydividedtheots
byalineofdercationhe50thdegreeof
longitudeofgreenhesocalleddivisionoftordesillas
of1494theportugueseoestablishtheirlonies
totheeastofthisline；thespaniardsohavetheirs
totheerican
ntinentespanishand
thatalloftheindiesandstofafricabecaportuguese
untiltheenglishandthedutchlonists
forpapaldecisionstookthesepossessionsaheseventeenth
andeighteenthcenturies
he
rialtoofvenice；theiddleages；there
erriblepanicstocksandbondsdown40and50
percentafterashortbus
hadfailedtofindtheroadtocathay；theveianrchants
reveredfroheirfrightbutthevoyagesofdagaand
gellanprovedthepracticalpossibilitiesofaneasteer
routetotheindiesthentherulersofgenoaandvenice；
thetriddleagesandthe
renaissance；begantobesorrythattheyhadrefusedtolisten
toluusbutite
aninlandseatheoverlandtradetotheindiesand
chinadoinsignificantproportionstheolddays
ofitaliangloryethenew
erceandthereforethecentreofcivilisation
ithasreinedsoeversince
seehorangelycivilisationhasprogressedsincethose
earlydays；fiftycenturiesbefore；heinhabitantsofthe
valleyofthenilebegantokeepatenrerdofhistory；
froheriveile；itia；thelandbetween
theriversthencathetuofcreteandgreeceand
roaninlandseabecathecentreoftradeandthecities
alongthediterraneaneofartandscienceand
philosophyandleainginthesixteenthcentur
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第53节
yitved