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ofthediterranean；butthehonourforexploringthe
astoftheatlanticgoestotheportuguesespainandportugal
hatpatrioticenergyheirageold
struggleagainsttheorishinvadershaddevelopedsuch
energy；onceitexists；caneasilybeforcedintonehannels
inthethirteenthcentury；kingalphonsoiiihadnquered
thekingdofalgarveinthesoutheerofthe
spanishpeninsulaandhadaddedittohisdonionsinthe
nextcentury；theportuguesehadtuedthetablesonthe
haedans；hadcrossedthestraitsofgibraltarandhad
takenpossessionofceuta；oppositethearabiccityoftarifa
aeans‘‘inventoryandhbyway
ofthespanishlanguagehasedoousas‘‘tariff；and
tangiers；ethecapitalofanafricanadditionto
algarve
theyobegintheircareerasexplorers
intheyear1415；princehenry；knohe
navigator；thesonofjohniofportugalandphilippa；the
daughterofjohnofgauntaboutyoucanreadin
richardii；aplaybyshakespearebegantoke
preparationsforthesysteticexplorationofnorthe
africabeforethis；thathotandsandyasthadbeenvisited
bythephoenien；eeredit
asthehoofthehairy‘‘ao
knohegorillaoneafteranother；princehenry
andhiscaptainsdisveredthecanaryislandsredisvered
theislandofdeiraurybeforehadbeenvisited
byagenoeseship；carefullychartedtheazoreshhad
beenvaguelyknooboththeportugueseandthespaniards；
andouthofthesenegalriveron
theastofafrica；heysupposedtobethee
uthofthenileatlast；bytheddleofthefifteenth
century；theysahegreencape；andthe
capeverdeislands；osthalfhe
astofafricaandbrazil
buthenrydidnotrestricthielfinhisinvestigationsto
theasteroftheorder
ofchristthisuguesentinuationofthecrusading
orderofthetelarshhadbeenabolishedby
popeclentvintheyear1312attherequestofking
philipthefairoffrance；provedtheoccasionby
buinghisoplarsatthestakeandstealingalltheir
possessionsprinains
ofhisreligiousordertoequipseveralexpeditionshexplored
thehinterlandofthesaharaandoftheastofguinea
butheuiddleagesand
spentagreatdealoftiandoneyupona
searysterious‘‘presserjohn；thethicalchristian
priestperorofavasteire
‘‘situatedsoheeastthestoryofthisstrange
potentatehadfirstbeentoldineuropeintheddleofthe
thcenturyforthreehundredyearspeoplehadtried
tofind‘‘presserjohnandhisdescendantshenrytookpart
inthesearchthirtyyearsafterhisdeath；theriddlewas
solved
intheyear1486bartholoryingt
………………………………
第51节
ofindtheland
ofpresterjohnbysea；hadreaostpoint
ofafricape；onacuntof
thestrongfrotinuinghis
voyagetoheeast；butthelisbonpilotsood
theiortanceofthisdisveryintheirquestfortheindia
eintothatofthecapeofgood
hope
oneyearlater；pedrodevilhaprovidedhletters
ofediilarssion
bylandheediterraneanandafterleaving
egypt；hetravelledsouth
there；travellingthroughtheersofthepersiangulfh
feenhadseensincethedaysofalexanderthegreat；
eighteencenturiesbefore；hevisitedgoaandcalicutonthe
astofindiaagreatdealofhe
islandoftheondagascarolie
halfued；paid
aseedina；crossedtheredsea
onof
presterjohn；hantheblacknegusor
kingofabyssinia；orshadadoptedchristianity
inthefourthcentury；sevenhundredyearsbeforethechristian
ssionarieshadfoundtheiroscandinavia
thesenyvoyageshadnvincedtheportuguesegeographers
andcartographersthathevoyagetotheindies
byaneastesearouteeanseasy
thentherearoseagreatdebatesopeopleedtontinue
theexplorationseastofthecapeofgoodhopeothers
said；‘‘no；ustsailacrosstheatlanticandthenwe
shallreachcathay
letusstaterightherethatstintelligentpeopleofthat
daylynvincedthattheearthasflatasa
pancakebuteansysteftheuniverse；
inventedanddulydesy；thegreat
egyptiangeographer；hesendcenturyof
ourera；pleneedsofthenofthe
ddleages；hadlongbeendiscardedbythescientistsofthe
renaissancetheyhadacceptedthedoctrineofthepolish
thetician；nilauspeicus；udieshadn
vincedhihattheearthberofroundplas
uedaroundthesun；adisveryventure
topublishforthirtysixyearsitedin1548；
theyearofhisdeathfroearoftheholyinquisition；a
papalurtablishedinthethirteenthcentury
heheresiesofthealbigensesandthewaldenses
infranceandinitalyveryldheresiesofdevoutlypious
peoplebelieveinprivatepropertyandpreferred
toliveinontthreatenedthe
absolutepoebutthebeliefinthe
roundnessoftheearthnangthenauticalexperts
and；asisaid；theyingtherespective
advantagesoftheeasteandtheeroutes
angtheadvocatesoftheeroutewasagenoese
rinerbythenaofboheheson
ofaerchantheseetohavebeenastudentatthe
universityofpaviaatheticsand
geotrythenhetookuphisfatherstradebutsoonwefind
hinediterraneantravellingonbusiness
thereafteroenglandbuther
henorthinsearchofhecaptainofashipwe
donotknoboifwe
aretobelievehisoediceland；butverylikely
heonlygotasfarasthefaroeislandshareldenough
infebruarytobestakenforicelandbyanyonehere
lootthedesenwho
inthetenthcenturyhadsettledingreenlandandwhohad
visitedaricaintheeleventhcentury；whenleifsvessel
hadbeenblootheastofvineland；orlabrador
eofthosefareloniesnoone
kneericanlonyofthorfinnkarlsefne；thehusband
oftheherthorstein；foundedinthe
year1003；hadbeendisntinuedthreeyearslateronacunt
ofthehostilityoftheesquiuxasforgreenland；nota
thesettlerssincetheyear1440
verylikelythegreenlandershadalldiedoftheblackdeath
killedhalfthepeopleofnorwayhowever
thatghtbe；thetraditionofa‘‘vastlandinthedistant
stillsurvivedangthepeopleofthefaroeandiceland；and
loosthaveheardofithegatheredfurtherinfortion
angthefisheofthenorthesttishislandsand
thenarriedthedaughterofone
ofthecaptainshe
navigator
frohatntontheyear1478hedevotedhielf
tothequestoftheeroutetotheindieshesenthis
plansforsuchavoyagetotheurtsofportugalandspain
theportuguese；onop