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togoandkillturkschildrenesto‘‘go
topalestineandbringtheterribleturkstotheirkneesby
thereappealoftheiryouthfulzealandchristianpiety
fullyniypercentofthoseenthusiastsnevergothin
sightoftheholylandtheyhadnoneytheywere
foreadanger
tothesafetyofthehighroadsandtheyhe
angryuntrypeople
thefirstcrusade；aobofhonestchristians；defaulting
bankrupts；pennilessnoblenandfugitivesfroustice；
folloitander
paignagainsttheinfidelsby
rderingallthejetheytbythehey
gotasfarashungaryandthentheywereallkilled
thisexperien
alonesettheholylandfreeorganisationwas
asnecessaryasgoodin
trainingandequippinganarof200；000ntheywere
placedundedofgodfreyofbouillon；robert；duke
ofnody；robert；untofflanders；andanuerof
otheoblen；allexperiencedintheartofwar
intheyear1096thissendcrusadestarteduponitslong
voyageatnstantinopletheknightsdidhogetothe
eerorforasihavetoldyou；traditionsdiehard；and
aroneeror；hoillheld
ingreatrespectthentheycrossedintoasia；killedallthe
sleedjerusalessacred
thehaedanpopulation；andrchedtotheholy
sepulidsttearsofpietyand
gratitudebutsoontheturksrengthenedbythearrival
offreshtroopsthentheyretookjerusalendintu
killedthefaithfulfollohecross
duringthenextturies；sevenothercrusadestook
placegraduallythecrusadersleaedthetechniqueofthe
tripthelandvoyageootediousandtoodangerous
theypreferredtocrossthealpsandgotogenoaorvenice
heytookshipfortheeastthegenoeseandtheveians
dethistransditerraneanpassengerserviceavery
profitablebusinesstheychargedexorbitantrates；andwhen
theoneyuldnot
paytheprice；theseitalian‘‘profiteerskindlyallo
to‘‘venice
toaountof
fightingfortheohisly
increasedherterritoryalongtheastoftheadriaticandin
greece；eaveianlony；andinthe
islandsofcyprusandcreteandrhodes
allthis；hotleinsettlingthequestion
oftheholylandafterthefirstenthusiasad
epartoftheliberal
educationofeveryan；andthere
neveresforserviceinpalestine
buttheoldzealhecrusaders；who
hadbeguntheirhdeephatredforthe
haedansandgreatloveforthechristianpeople
oftheeasteroneireandaia；suffered
apleteetodespisethe
greeksofbyzantiuandfrequentlybetrayed
theeniansandallthe
otherlevantineraces；andtheybegantoappreciatethevir
tuesoftheireneesobegenerousandfair
opponents
ofurse；itosaythisopenlybutwhen
thecrusaderretued
………………………………
第37节
ho；heitatethenners
hisheathenishfoe；pared
totheaverageeknightillagooddealofa
untrybukinhealsobroughtseveralnew
foodstuffs；suchaspeachesandspinachedinhis
gardenandgrehegaveupthebarbarous
custofourandappeared
intheflotonhetraditional
habitofthefolloheprophetandwereoriginallywo
bytheturksindeedthecrusades；hhadbegunasa
punitiveexpeditionagainsttheheathen；becaaurseof
generalinstruillionsofyoungeuropeans
frolitaryandpoliticalpointofviehecrusades
andanuerofcitiesaken
andlostadozenlittlekingdoablishedinsyria
andpalestineandasianor；buttheyonqueredby
theturksandaftertheyear1244beca
definitelyturkishthestatusoftheholylande
asithadbeenbefore1095
buteuropehadundergoneagreatchangethepeopleof
thepseofthelightandthesunshine
andthebeautyoftheeasttheirdrearycastlesno
longersatisfiedthetheyedabroaderlifeneither
theyfounditinthecities
thediaevalcity
iddleages
saidthat‘‘cityairisfreeair
theearlypartoftheddleageshadbeenaneraof
pioneeringandofsettlentanehusfar
hadlivedoutsidetheountainsand
rshesan
eire；hadforceditsotheplainsofe
europeandhadtakenpossessionofstofthelandthey
less；asallpioneershavebeensincethebeginningof
titheylikedtobe‘‘onthegotheycutdohe
forestsandtheycuteachothersthroatshequalenergy
feedtoliveincitiestheyinsisteduponbeing
‘‘free；theylovedtofeelthefreshairofthehillsidesfilltheir
lungsheydrovetheirherdsacrossthepastures
es；theypulled
upstakesandaures
theersandtheurageous
enenintothewildeess
survivedinthisheydevelopedastrongraceof
ntheycaredlittleforthegracesoflifetheyoo
busytoplaythefiddleorepiecesofpoetrytheyhad
littlelovefordisanofthe
villageandbeforetheddleofthethirteenthcentury；alayn
ewasregardedasa‘‘sissywas
supposedtosettleallquestionspractical
valueananchieftain；thefrankishbaron；
thenorthndukeoresandtitlesoccupied
theirshareoftheterritoryof
thegreatroneireandangtheruinsofpastglory；
theybuiltaghtily
andheynsideredquiteperfect
theynagedtheaffairsoftheircastleandthesurrounding
untrytothebestoftheirabilitytheyhful
tothendntsofthechurchasanyortaluld
hopetobetheyperor
tokeepongoodterhthosedistantbutalwaysdangerous
potentatesinshort；theytriedtodorightandtobe
fairtotheieighbourshoutbeingexactlyunfairtotheir
oerests
itselves
thegreaterpartofthepeople
handsuchapartofthesoiluponhey
livedastheablestheysharedtheir
fateparticularlyhappynorparticularly
unhappybutodothegoodlordwhoruled
theiddleageshadundoubtedlyorderedeverything
forthebestifhe；inhis；haddecidedthat
therestbebothknightsandserfs；itthedutyof
thesefaithfulsonsoftheent
theserfsthereforedidnotplainbutheyoo
harddriven；theytlefed
andstabledintherightethingily
doobettertheiditionbutiftheprogressofthe
aster；wewould
stillbelivingafterthefashionofthethcentury；saying
‘‘abracadabrariedtostopatoothache；andfeeling
adeepntetandhatredforthedentistohelp
usostlikelydan
orheathenishoriginandthereforebothkedanduseless
whenyougroanypeopledo
notbelievein‘‘progressandtheyoyoubythe
terribledeedsofsoofouroporariesthat‘‘the
changebutihopethatyoupay
chattentiontosuchtalkyousee；ittookourancestors
al