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吾国与吾民-My Country and My people(英文版)-第48章

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    sorsaultsinthenfucianschoolandlookingforheurtsofthe

    nfudenounreadevendaredto

    playtantishandtheir

    vegetarianisalfheartedthefearofheresyhungovertheirheadsliketheswordof

    daeanthefearoforiginalityliterature

    aneityhtheclassicaltraditionofideas

    the”freeplayofthend”elylitedinspe;andthe”sorsaultsin

    thenfucianschool;”hoightbe;ersaults

    hinthenfucianprecincts

    afterall;anationofscholarsuldnotdiscussbenevolenceandrighteousnessfortwo

    thousandfivehundredyearsselvesactually;anessayh

    perialexanations;oplain

    english;aggerenglishreadersbyitspuerilityandchildishnessthegigantic

    literaryfeatproducedbythegiganticbrainpopressionofthe

    anticsofafleacircusaeruldthereforebeoriginalonlyinthesphereofnovels

    anddras;fortablyoneself;andaginationuldbe

    creative

    asatteroffact;allliteraturethatisans

    soul;islyricalinoriginthisistrueevenintheliteratureofideas:onlyideasthat

    estraightfroansheartadethispointclearas

    farbackas1795inhisnjecturesenoriginalpositionchinshengtan;a

    distinguishedcritiftheseventeenthcentury;saidrepeatedlyinhisletters:”is

    poetrybutavoiceoftheheartitcanbefoundinensandchildrenshearts;and

    itestoyoubyingandbynight”theoriginofliteratureisreallyassile

    asthat;inspiteofalltherhetoricalandpositionaltechniquethatprofessorsoi

    literaturetrytoencuerithchinshengtanalsosays;”theancientpeoplewere

    notpelledtosayanything;bu1theysuddenlysaidsothingpurelyoftheirown

    aetisofevents;andsotisoftheirownfeelings;and

    havingfinishedtheyhadtosay;theytookleaveand
………………………………

第71节

    departed”thedifference

    betereesayitbeautifullyandothersdo

    not;andtheyorebeautifullythanotherssurvive

    thelyriakesitpossibleforustoregardliteratureasa

    refleanssoul;andtoregardanationsliteratureastherefleans

    spiritinthatnationforiflifeybeparedtoalargecity;ansay

    beregardedasthehecityinreadinga

    nshisgarretainaviewof

    lifeastheountainpeaksliningthehorizon;

    andthealleye;butthatgarretviewof

    thecityisindividualisticandpeculiarlyhisoionsliteraturewe

    arethereforebuttryingtogetagliseoflifeasthebestndsofthatnationseeit

    andastheyexpressitthroughtheiroediu

    iilanguageandthought

    theaediuorthechineselanguage;haslargely

    deteedthepeentofchineseliteraturebyparisonhthe

    europeanlanguagesitispossibletotracehouchofthepeculiaritiesofchinese

    thoughtandliteratureareduesilytotheirpossessionofasocallednosyllabic

    languagethefactthatthechinesespokeinsyllableslikechingychong》changwas

    appallinginnsequendeteedthecharacterofthe

    chineseing;andthecharacterofthechineseingbroughtaboutthentinuity

    oftheliteraryheritageandthereforeeveninfluencedthenservatisfchinese

    thoughtitentofaliterarylanguagequite

    distinadeleaingdifficultand

    neiteddirectly

    influenentofcertainpeculiaritiesofchineseliterarystyle

    everynationhasdevelopedaostsuitabletoitslanguageeuropedidnot

    developaingonpictorialprinciplesbecausethephoicstructureof

    indogeicparativeprofusionofnsonantsand

    infinitelyvariablebinations;requiredananalyticalphabet;andakethe

    representationofthese

    ofideographsuldbeusedalone;andithecaseofchinese;

    neentthepictorialprinciplebythephoicprinciplebeforeit

    uldhaveanyiortantdevelopnttheseelentarypictographshenused

    inbinationspurelyfortheirphoicvalue;andactuallynienthsoftheover

    fortythousandcharactersinchinesedictionariesarebuiltontheprincipleofphoic

    bination;haboutthirteenhundredideographsasphoicsignsha

    nosyllabiclanguage;suchasthechinese;fourhundred

    syllabicbinationsnotuntingthetoneslikeching9chong;chang;thisuld

    sufficebutaniclanguagetheinventionofanebolfor

    everynebinationlikeschlachtandkraftingeor

    scratched;scraped;splashandscalpelinenglishpossible

    taskthechineselanguagefailedtodevelopaphoicscriptintheesense

    bebolsuldsufficehadthechinese

    beenspeatdngalanguageanschlachtandkraftorthe

    englishscratchedandscalpel;theyy;inventeda

    phoicscriptlongago

    theperfectadjustntbetonosyllabiclanguageandtheten

    characterscanbeeasilydeplainthelanguageischaracterizedbyagreatscarcity

    ofsyllabisandnsequentlyagreatnuerofhonyorhe

    sasoundthesoundpaocananoveradozenthings:”apackage”tocarry

    ”ach;””abubble;”etcsincethepictorialprincipleitedin

    applicationtoncretethingsoractions;andplicated;theoriginalspurelyphoicvalueand

    ”borroesoundhappenedthenhat

    thereoreorlessfixedinthe

    handynasty;berofsuch”borroingdifferent

    thingsnecessityforcedthechinesetoaddasigncalled”radical”toindicatethe

    classofideashisparticularendedtoreferto

    theuseofphoicsyolstooexact;andhencehefollowing

    odechinese;alltenh

    theoriginal”package”signgj;buteachtakingaclasssignorradical;as

    thuspaoplusa”hand”radieanstorun;plus

    ”eansagoeansach;plus”er”

    ansabubble;plus”fire”ansfirecrackers;plusa”fish”ansthenaofafish;

    plus”flesh”anstheb;plus”stone”ansaouth”ansto

    roar;plus”grass”ansafloeanshail;plusa”knife”ansto

    sofhony

    butsupposetheprobleny;supposethechineselanguagehad

    heenglishscraped;scratched;andscalpel;orsupposetheenglishpeople

    startedouthabasicphoicpictureforscap;theyed

    equallybynecessitytodistinguishbethesoundscapeandscape;orbetween

    scapeandscrape;orbetch;and

    theresultuldnothavebeenanythingexceptanalphabethsignstodenotes;r;

    edt};p;ch;etchadthechinesedohistheytoo;and

    nsequentlyhavehadareeracy

    given;therefore;thenosyllabiccharacterofthechineselanguage;itost

    inevitablethatpictorialcharactersalonehasprofoundlychanged

    thecharacterandpositionofleainginchinabytheirverynaturethechinese

    charactersare
………………………………

第72节

    notsubjeesyoluldbe

    readindifferentdialectsorevenlanguages;asthesignofthe

    christiancrossuldbepronouncedcrossinenglishandcroixinfrench

    thishasaveryclosebearingontheunityofchineseculturethroughouttheold

    ei
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