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吾国与吾民-My Country and My people(英文版)-第49章

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    thishasaveryclosebearingontheunityofchineseculturethroughouttheold

    eirereiortantthanthat;theuseofthecharactersdethereadingofthe

    nfucianclassicspossibleafterthelapseofathousandyearstheideathatthe

    nfucianclassicsuldhavebeeunreadableinthesixthcenturyofourerais

    extrelyintriguing;andoneistetedtoothe

    trendousrespehadthathappened

    actually;thechinesecharactersundereofthe

    buingofbooksbychinshihhuang;andtodaynfucianscholarsaresplitinto

    tps;onebelievingintheclassictextsin”ancientscripts”e;andtheother

    believinginthe”descripts”hholarswho

    hadttedtheory;andsurvivedtheshortlivedchindynasty

    nevertheless;frohattionhereisantinuityofing;h

    aparativelyuniortantevolutionoffor;ustlargelyacuntforthe

    hypnoticpoinds

    istrueoftheentireliteraryheritage;

    especiallythatingafterthehandaysachineseschoolboyanreadan

    authorofahundredyearsagould;bythatverytraining;readhethirteenth;

    tenthorsendesensethatadeartistcanappreciate

    thevenusdeloeeaseasheappreciatesrodinheinfluenceof

    theclassicheritagehavebeensopoindhavebeenso

    nservativeandhepast;hadthatpastbeenlessreadilyunderstood

    onewonders

    yetinanotherheuseofthecharactershelpedinthecreationofafairlystable

    literarylanguage;quitedifferentfrohespokenlanguage;andrathertoodifficultfor

    theaveragesastericscripturallythe

    changesandidioofalivinglanguage;thelanguageofbols;bybeing

    lessdependentuponsounds;aandgraaritdid

    nothavetoobeythelae;ithaditslawsof

    strusulatedbyliteraryaccidentsfrohe

    etohaveanindependentrealityofitsown;

    subjectreorlesstoliteraryfashions

    astion;thisdiscrepancybetheliterarylanguageandtheliving

    languageoftheagebecagreaterandgreater;untiltodaythestudyoftheancient

    languageis;inpointofpsyilartothe

    leaingofaforeigntongueforthechinesepeoplethelawsofordinary

    sentencestructuredifferbetheliteraryandthespokenlanguage;sothatone

    cannoterelysubstitutingcertainancientwordsfor

    thedeplephraselikethreeouncessilvershouldbesyntactically

    changedintosilverthreeouncesandodechinesesayneversaw

    it}9theancientidioequiresthenstructionneveritsaheaccusativeobject

    beingregularlyplaodechinese

    sitthesaidioticblundersaswhenenglish

    schoolboyssayjevoisvousinleaingfrenchjustasinleaingaforeignlanguage

    averyextensiveacquaintancehthatlanguageisnecessarybeforeonecanreally

    stertheordinaryidio;sointhepracticeofingancientchinese;yearsoforal

    repetitionandreadingofsterpiecesnienyearsarerequiredbeforeone

    canefairlypresentableancientchineseandjustasveryfeceedin

    reallysteringaforeignlanguagesoinrealityveryfeholarssucceed

    inatiost

    ofushavetoputupnd

    easilyenough;butothertongue

    theuseoftheentpossiblereover;the

    independensoundgreatlyaccelerateditsnosyllabicquality

    actually;bisyllabichespokenlanguagecanberepresentedbya

    nosyllabiakesthe

    aningalreadyquiteclearthus;inthespokenlanguagelao

    hu”oldtiger”todistingui**aurallyfrodozenothera;butining;the

    uchre

    nosyllabicthanthespokenlanguage;sinceitsbasisisvisualandnotaural

    frohisextrenosyllabishendevelopedanextretersenessofstyle;

    itatedinthespokenlanguagehouttheriskofunintelligibility;

    buthecharacteristicbeautyofchineseliteraturethusinchinawehavea

    treofexaetre;sayingprobablyas

    chastheenglish

    language;orinanyspokenlanguageyof

    yleoitsfinest

    nuanceinsoundvalueandissurcharged;asiteaningaseticulous

    poets;chineseasteryofthis

    eansextresteryinthechoiceofearosea

    literarytraditionfocingeasocialtraditionandfinallya

    ntalhabitofthechinese

    thensequentdiffiitationofliteracyin

    china;itationofliteracyintuchangedthe

    ionofchinesesocietyandthe
………………………………

第73节

    olexionofchineseculture;

    andonesotisherthechinesepeopleasawholewouldbeso

    docileandsorespectfultotheirsuperiorshadtheyspokenaninflexionallanguageand

    nsequentlyusedanalphabetiesfeelthat;hadthechinese

    nagedtoretainafeorefinalorinitialnsonantsintheirlanguage;notonly

    heyhaveshakentheauthorityofnfuciustoitsfoundations;butvery

    possiblyodohepoliticalstructureand;hthegeneral

    spreadofknoillenniuofleisure;wouldhaveforgedahead

    inotherlinesandgiventheoreinventionslikeprintingandgunpowder

    ancivilizationonthispla

    iiischolarship

    beforeagination;

    achievedbyobscureorunknoershroughtheclassicaltraditionandeoutofthegladnessoftheirheartsandforthesheerdelightofcreationinother

    asituteliteraturepar

    excellenceintheihententof

    classicalliterature;thequalitiesofchinesescholarship;andthelifeandeducationof

    thatssofeducatednoralizealotandcreatenothing

    dothesescholarsentaloccupation

    chinaisalandofscholars;esofpeace;

    atleast;theivatedthis

    ofapopularsuperstitionthatnopaper

    bearingingshouldbethroorusedforindecentpurposes;butshouldbe

    lleplesintisofhestoryisslightly

    different;forsoldiersusedtogointoascholarshouseandeitherbuoldrare

    editionsasfuel;orblo;orttheoageneral

    nflagrationyetsostupendousore

    booksthesoldiersbued;thebiggerthellee

    inthesuidynasty;aroundtheyear600;theierialdynastyalreadyunted

    370;000volusinthetangdynastytheierialllebered208;000

    volusintheyear1005;inthesungdynasty;thefirstencyclopaedia;nsistingof

    1;000volus;piledthenextgreatierialllection;thetunglotatien;

    llectedundereeroryunglo14031424;nsistedof22;877books;in11;995

    volus;ofselectedrareancientost

    statesnlikeaperorchienlungakeathoroughoverhaulingof

    extantbooksfortheostensiblepurposeofpreservingthebuththeequally

    iortantpurposeofdestroyinghatsavouredofdissatisfactionhthealien

    regi;andhesueshwerepreserved

    originallyinsevensetsintheffucttuanshubuthealsosucceededin

    orderingthepleteorpartialdestructionofabout2;000books;involvingabouta

    sreofissalfroffient;floggingordeathoftheauthors;

    sotisinplesandthesellingoftheir

    falyasslaves梐llthisbeisuseofahthe

  
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