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thishasaveryclosebearingontheunityofchineseculturethroughouttheold
eirereiortantthanthat;theuseofthecharactersdethereadingofthe
nfucianclassicspossibleafterthelapseofathousandyearstheideathatthe
nfucianclassicsuldhavebeeunreadableinthesixthcenturyofourerais
extrelyintriguing;andoneistetedtoothe
trendousrespehadthathappened
actually;thechinesecharactersundereofthe
buingofbooksbychinshihhuang;andtodaynfucianscholarsaresplitinto
tps;onebelievingintheclassictextsin”ancientscripts”e;andtheother
believinginthe”descripts”hholarswho
hadttedtheory;andsurvivedtheshortlivedchindynasty
nevertheless;frohattionhereisantinuityofing;h
aparativelyuniortantevolutionoffor;ustlargelyacuntforthe
hypnoticpoinds
istrueoftheentireliteraryheritage;
especiallythatingafterthehandaysachineseschoolboyanreadan
authorofahundredyearsagould;bythatverytraining;readhethirteenth;
tenthorsendesensethatadeartistcanappreciate
thevenusdeloeeaseasheappreciatesrodinheinfluenceof
theclassicheritagehavebeensopoindhavebeenso
nservativeandhepast;hadthatpastbeenlessreadilyunderstood
onewonders
yetinanotherheuseofthecharactershelpedinthecreationofafairlystable
literarylanguage;quitedifferentfrohespokenlanguage;andrathertoodifficultfor
theaveragesastericscripturallythe
changesandidioofalivinglanguage;thelanguageofbols;bybeing
lessdependentuponsounds;aandgraaritdid
nothavetoobeythelae;ithaditslawsof
strusulatedbyliteraryaccidentsfrohe
etohaveanindependentrealityofitsown;
subjectreorlesstoliteraryfashions
astion;thisdiscrepancybetheliterarylanguageandtheliving
languageoftheagebecagreaterandgreater;untiltodaythestudyoftheancient
languageis;inpointofpsyilartothe
leaingofaforeigntongueforthechinesepeoplethelawsofordinary
sentencestructuredifferbetheliteraryandthespokenlanguage;sothatone
cannoterelysubstitutingcertainancientwordsfor
thedeplephraselikethreeouncessilvershouldbesyntactically
changedintosilverthreeouncesandodechinesesayneversaw
it}9theancientidioequiresthenstructionneveritsaheaccusativeobject
beingregularlyplaodechinese
sitthesaidioticblundersaswhenenglish
schoolboyssayjevoisvousinleaingfrenchjustasinleaingaforeignlanguage
averyextensiveacquaintancehthatlanguageisnecessarybeforeonecanreally
stertheordinaryidio;sointhepracticeofingancientchinese;yearsoforal
repetitionandreadingofsterpiecesnienyearsarerequiredbeforeone
canefairlypresentableancientchineseandjustasveryfeceedin
reallysteringaforeignlanguagesoinrealityveryfeholarssucceed
inatiost
ofushavetoputupnd
easilyenough;butothertongue
theuseoftheentpossiblereover;the
independensoundgreatlyaccelerateditsnosyllabicquality
actually;bisyllabichespokenlanguagecanberepresentedbya
nosyllabiakesthe
aningalreadyquiteclearthus;inthespokenlanguagelao
hu”oldtiger”todistingui**aurallyfrodozenothera;butining;the
uchre
nosyllabicthanthespokenlanguage;sinceitsbasisisvisualandnotaural
frohisextrenosyllabishendevelopedanextretersenessofstyle;
itatedinthespokenlanguagehouttheriskofunintelligibility;
buthecharacteristicbeautyofchineseliteraturethusinchinawehavea
treofexaetre;sayingprobablyas
chastheenglish
language;orinanyspokenlanguageyof
yleoitsfinest
nuanceinsoundvalueandissurcharged;asiteaningaseticulous
poets;chineseasteryofthis
eansextresteryinthechoiceofearosea
literarytraditionfocingeasocialtraditionandfinallya
ntalhabitofthechinese
thensequentdiffiitationofliteracyin
china;itationofliteracyintuchangedthe
ionofchinesesocietyandthe
………………………………
第73节
olexionofchineseculture;
andonesotisherthechinesepeopleasawholewouldbeso
docileandsorespectfultotheirsuperiorshadtheyspokenaninflexionallanguageand
nsequentlyusedanalphabetiesfeelthat;hadthechinese
nagedtoretainafeorefinalorinitialnsonantsintheirlanguage;notonly
heyhaveshakentheauthorityofnfuciustoitsfoundations;butvery
possiblyodohepoliticalstructureand;hthegeneral
spreadofknoillenniuofleisure;wouldhaveforgedahead
inotherlinesandgiventheoreinventionslikeprintingandgunpowder
ancivilizationonthispla
iiischolarship
beforeagination;
achievedbyobscureorunknoershroughtheclassicaltraditionandeoutofthegladnessoftheirheartsandforthesheerdelightofcreationinother
asituteliteraturepar
excellenceintheihententof
classicalliterature;thequalitiesofchinesescholarship;andthelifeandeducationof
thatssofeducatednoralizealotandcreatenothing
dothesescholarsentaloccupation
chinaisalandofscholars;esofpeace;
atleast;theivatedthis
ofapopularsuperstitionthatnopaper
bearingingshouldbethroorusedforindecentpurposes;butshouldbe
lleplesintisofhestoryisslightly
different;forsoldiersusedtogointoascholarshouseandeitherbuoldrare
editionsasfuel;orblo;orttheoageneral
nflagrationyetsostupendousore
booksthesoldiersbued;thebiggerthellee
inthesuidynasty;aroundtheyear600;theierialdynastyalreadyunted
370;000volusinthetangdynastytheierialllebered208;000
volusintheyear1005;inthesungdynasty;thefirstencyclopaedia;nsistingof
1;000volus;piledthenextgreatierialllection;thetunglotatien;
llectedundereeroryunglo14031424;nsistedof22;877books;in11;995
volus;ofselectedrareancientost
statesnlikeaperorchienlungakeathoroughoverhaulingof
extantbooksfortheostensiblepurposeofpreservingthebuththeequally
iortantpurposeofdestroyinghatsavouredofdissatisfactionhthealien
regi;andhesueshwerepreserved
originallyinsevensetsintheffucttuanshubuthealsosucceededin
orderingthepleteorpartialdestructionofabout2;000books;involvingabouta
sreofissalfroffient;floggingordeathoftheauthors;
sotisinplesandthesellingoftheir
falyasslaves梐llthisbeisuseofahthe