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andjustice;thepeoplealshyofthela;niyfivepercentofvillagedisputesbeingsettledbythevillageelderstobeinvolvedinalawas
ipsofainiousgoodoldpeopleoftenboastedthattheyhadneverenteredan
offiostiortantfunctions
oftheent;taxlleaintainingpeaceandkeepingjustice;very
littlecatobotherthepeopleacrdingtothechinesepoliticalphilosophy;that
goventgovesbestithereal
goventofandappliestothe
villageholdstrueinthegeneralspiritforthetownalso
thesocalledvillageortoentisinvisibleithasnovisiblebodyof
authorityliketheyororunorallybytheeldersby
virtueoftheirgreatage;andbythegentrybyvirtueoftheirknowledgeoflawand
historyfundantally;itisgoveedbycustondusage;theuntenlaase
ofdisputes;theeldersorpatriarchsareinvitedtodecidetherightandhe
tter;acrding;asannature
andetealreason”binedherearenolaisalofindout;
especiallyangpartiesesocial
tradition;akesjustice
possible;andanheartthevillage
gentryareasaclasserthanthetory;althoughtheirparasitiatureis
enocallydeteedtherearegoodanduprightscholarsakeit
theirprofessiontohandlelas;andheirreputationforcharacterand
leaingsharethegeneralrespectofthevillagershtheeldersundertheseelders
andscholarsthepeoplecarryonanner;asin
eanddivisionofproperty;orinedtofight
forfaenbutitisonlyhpartiesarepreparedto
ruintheelves;fortheyavoidtheyanlikeaplague
thechinesepeoplecanalselves;havealselves
ifthethingent”canleavethelone;theyarealolet
thegoventalonegivethepeopletenyearsofanarchy;heword
”govent”heyogether;theywill
prosper;theyivated
………………………………
第68节
esertsandtuthentoorchards;theyakewares
andsellthellovertheuntry;andtheyhehiddentreasuresofthe
earthontheiroobegroauseno
oneforaticallyandtheywillhavesaved
enoughtoprovideagainstallteoraryfloodsandfaneslettherebenotax
bureauhthesignboard;”enrichingthenationandfatteningthepeople;”andthe
nationhepeople
ix”goventbygentlen”
theststrikingcharacteristicinourpoliticallifeasanationistheabsenceofanstitutionandoftheideaofcivilrightsthisispossibleonlybecauseofa
differentsooralshpoliticsandisa
philosophyofralhayratherthanaphilosophyofforcea”nstitution”
presupposesthatourrulersghtbecrooksightabusetheirpoe
our”rights;”henstitutionasaodefendthechinese
nentisthedirectoppositeofthissuppositionitisknownas
a”parentalgovent”or”goventbygentlen;”olook
afterthepeoplesinterestsasparentslookaftertheirchildrensinterests;andto
hese
peopleshandsillionshoutaskingforareportofexpenditureandto
thesepeopleitedofficialpohoutthethoughtofsafeguarding
ourselveslikegentlen
thereuldbenofiner;justerandreaentby
gentlenthantentyonehundredyearsagobyhanfeitse;a
philosopherofthe”legalistschool”fachiathreecenturiesafter
nfuent
bylaentbypersonshisanalysisoftheevilsofthispersonal
goventissoacute;andhispicturesofchinesepoliticallifeofhisdayareso
strikinglyappropriatefordechina;thathealteraifhe
oustoday
aoral
platitudesandinshunningalleffortsatralreforibelievethesoonerop
talkingaboutralreforofthepeople;thesoonershallogivechinaa
entthefaoralreforas
asolutionforpoliticalevilsisasignofthepuerilityoftheirthinkingandtheir
inabilitytograspthepolitisaspolitistheyshouldseethatwe
havebeentalkingralplatitudesntinuouslyforthelastthousandyears
provingtheuntryrallyorgivingitaent
theyshouldseethat;ifrajizationshinashouldbeaparadise
ofsaintsandangelstodayisuspetalksareso
popular;especiallyhourofficials;isbecausetheyknohatsuchtalksdonobody
anyharprobablyallourralupliftershaveabadnscienceifindthatgeneral
changtsungchangandothersandupliftothers
ralsgenerallykeepfroivetofifteensatseducingyoung
girlshing;95andtheyecho;”true;benevolenceisa
goodthing;”andnoharsdoneanybodyontheotherhand;idonothearanyofour
offientbylahepeople;
eyoubylaoprison”theearlier;therefore;op
talkingaboutralityandsentoflaw;
thesoonerakeitiossiblefortheseofficialstododgetheissueandpretendto
readthenfuents
briefly;aysay;therefore;thatthereionsof
goventinhanfeitsestis;ases:thenfucian
nentbygentlenandthelegalistnentby
laassuseveryrulertobea
gentlenandprolikeagentlenthelegalistsystessus
everyrulertobeaakeprovisionsinthepoliticalsysteo
preventhiroarryingouthiscrookedintentionsobviouslythefirstisthe
traditionalviehesendtheeviehevieseas
hanfeitsesays;akeit
iossiblefortheobebadthatistheralbasisofthelegalistphilosophyin
otherenandtohepathof
righteousness;etheobepotentialprisonintesanddeviseways
andanstopreventthesepotentialnvictsfroobbingthepeopleandsellingthe
untryonecanreadilyseethatthelattersystesrelikelytobeeffectiveasa
checkforpoliticalrruptionthanen
intobe
potentialtobegentlen
inthegoodoldnfuciantobebenevolentrulersandtolove
thepeopleastheirotobehonest;andwesay;”goahead;
spendandapublicbudget
orarenderingofpublicacunts”ilitarists;”goahead;rustyou
uchthatyoutaxusacrdingtoyour
nscience”andats;”goahead;plicitfaithinyour
patriotisandontractanyandeverysortofinteationaltreaty
itittousforapproval”andtoallourofficialswesay;”in
en;stonepailouinyourhonour;butin
caseyoutuouttobecrooks;putyouinprison”neverinother
untriesanlytreatntofofficialsnosesaysthis
isallanychanceshth
………………………………
第69节
eirralendosifhanfeitse
etheobe;
”youtothepathofrighteousnessanderectstonepailou
inyourhonourinen;butincaseyoutuouttobe
crooks;stobeasounderandspeedierwayof
puttinganendtoourpolitihanfeitse;ina
ratherfreerenderinghesays:”youenina
untrytygoodaveragebutthereare;ontheotherhand;probablya
hundredoffioreoffientofill
thesothatyouhavetenhonestnandniycrookstofillallofthepositions
henisruleratherthanagood
goventtherefore;theandnotinpersonaltalents;
inathoda