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The Spirit of Law-法的精神(英文版)-第8章

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    18seedionysiushalicaassus;iv;ix

    19seeaddison;travelstoitaly;p16

    20theyedatfirstbythensuls

    21thisiseseensiderationsontheans;14;16

    22touefort;voyages

    23atluccathegistratesarechosenonlyfortonths

    24diodorus;xviii;p601;edrhodon

    25ferdinand;kingofaragon;dehielfgrandsteroftheorders;andthatalonechangedthenstitution

    26theeastekingsareneverhoutvizirs;sayssirjohnchardin

    bookiiioftheprinent

    1differencebetenthavingexanedthelaent;ustinvestigatethoseetoitsprinciple

    thereisthisdiffereneristhatbyadetoaanpassionsotion

    noentust;therefore;inquireintothisprinciple;hesubjectofthisthirdbook

    2oftheprinentsihavealreadyobservedthatitisthenatureofarepublientthateitherthelleilies;shouldbepossessedofthesuprepoonarchy;thattheprinceshouldhavethispoent;thatasinglepersonshouldruleacrdingtohisoetodisvertheirthreeprinciples;ent;andinparticularocracy

    3oftheprinoonarenttheforaintaintheoreisnecessary;naly;virtue

    edbytheunaniustestinyofhistorians;andisextrelyagreeabletothenatureofthingsforitisandstheexe;thereislessneedofvirtuethaninapopulargovent;hepersonentrustedhtheexecutionofthelatotheirdirection

    onarchayeasilyrepairtheevil;hehasonlytofolloent;thereisasuspensionofthelatherruptionoftherepublic;thestateiscertainlyundone

    averydrollspeoostdaringoftheirers;2astheprevailingpartiesatedbythespiritoffaentazedatsonyrevolutions;invainattetedtoerectanostviolentshocks;theyentheyhadsoonlyproscribed

    etoherliberty;thisunhappyherlethargybyitian;sherivetedeverydayherchains;ifshestrucksoblothetyrant;notatthetyranny

    thepolitierce;finances;opulence;andluxury

    bitioninvadesthendsofthosenitytheobjeaster;thataxifequityheonyofprivatepersonstheersofthenany

    athensenuerofforberedtheasslavesaretoldbytheheadinarketplaeayseeindestheneshoyofherliberty;butofherpleasures6thisfauscity;anydefeats;andhavingbeensooftendestroyedhadasoftenrisenoutofherashes;enitphovertheforcesofathensasithadbeendifficulttosubduehervirtue

    hoaintainhergroundadeprtor;endeavouredtohinderthegis
………………………………

第16节

    tratesfrolunderingtherepublitotheronsnexttosurrendertheirarandships;andthenshedeayjudgeofighthaveperfordinherfullvigour;andassistedbyvirtue

    4oftheprinent;itisrequisitealsoinanaristocracytrueitisthatinthelatteritisnotsoabsolutelyrequisite

    thepeople;easthesubjeediatelypertheverynatureofthenstitution

    anaristoenthasaninherentvigour;unknooabody;executed

    buteasyasitybeforthebodyofthenoblestorestrainthepeople;itisdiffiselves8sustosubjeetoexetthe

    noinentvirtue;easureonalevelaybetheansoffogagreatrepublic;orbyaninferiorvirtue;atleastuponalevelhoneanother;anduponthistheirpreservationdepends

    derationisthereforetheverysoulofthisgovent;aderation;ian;foundedonvirtue;notthatindolenceandpusillanity

    5thatvirtueisnottheprinonarentinnarberofvents;springs;andwheels

    thestatesubsistsindependentlyoftheloveofouruntry;ofthethirstoftrueglory;ofselfdenial;ofthesacrificeofourdearestinterests;andofallthoseheroicvirtuesireintheancients;andtousareknoradition

    thelaeans:anaedhereinseeasureofnonsequence

    thoughallunity

    noesarerepubliorethantheydoindividuals;andinnaroreprejudicialtoprivatepeoplethantothenstitution

    ibegthatnooneyobservationsarefoundedontheunaniustestinyofhistoriansiaotignorantthatvirtuousprinthatinanarchyitisextrelydifficultforthepeopletobevirtuous9

    letuspareonarentsofpeopleofalluntries;inrespeelancholyexperience

    aitioninidleness;annessxedents;ntetofhisosturtiersinallagesanduntrieshavebeennstantlydistinguishednoenofthenationtobeknaves;andtheinferiorsorttobehonest;fortheforrtobecheats;andthelattertorestsatisfiedhbeingonlydupes

    butifthereshouldeunluan10angthepeopleent;seetohintthataprinployhi11sotrueisitthatvirtueisnotthespringofthisgoventitisnotindeedexent

    6inentbutitishightifortohavedoneonarentfarbeitfroe;ifnarentasueitself

    henostallgoodsubjean12agoodintentionisneunity

    7oftheprinonarentsupposes;asinenent

    aitionispeionarent;andisattendedaybentinuallychecked

    itisentasoftheuniverse;intheotion;andbyitsverythuseachindividualadvancesthepublicgood;otinghisoerest

    trueitisthat;philosophient;buteventhisfalsehonourisasusefultothepublicastruehonouruldpossiblybetoprivatepersons

    isitnotveryexaentoperforhestdifficultactions;suchasr
………………………………

第17节

    equireanextraordinaryexertionoffortitudeandresolution;pensethanthatofgloryandapplause

    8thathonourisnottheprinenthonourisfarfroeingtheprinent:nkindbeingherealluponalevel;noonepersonselvesnosortofpreference

    besides;ashonourhasitslait;asitdependsinagreatasureonansoonthatofanotherperson;itcanbefoundonlyinuntriesinhenstitutionisfixed;andheyaregoveedbysettledlaws

    hoabideptoflife;andtheotherisfoundedonthepotheforrhasitsfixedrules;andpeculiarcaprices;butthelatterisdirectedbynorule;anditsohers

    honour;therefore;athingunknoents;soofonarchies;hereitgiveslifetotheselves

    9oftheprinentasvirtueisneent:elydangerous

    heretheiensepoheispleasedtoentrustinistrationpersonsselvesustthereforedepresstheirspirits;andextinguisheventheleastsenseofaition

    aderategoventy;onttouplifthisarolishthosehehasentrustedploynts;15allisover:forasfear;thespringofthisgovent;nolongersubsists;thepeoplearelefthoutaprotector

    itisprobablyinthissensethecadisintainedthatthegrandseignioritedtherebyhisauthority16

    itisneonstrousgoventset;thesonofriveis;sahenstitutionsubvertedbeforethisresolution;becausehehadbeentoosparingofblood17

    historyinforusthatthehorriditianstruselvesalittleduringhisreign18thusatorrentoverfloeadows

    10differenoderateanddespotientsindespotientrequiresthestpassiveobedience;andadeknooughtinfalliblytoproduceitseffect

    heretheyhavenolitationsorrestriediu;ter;equivalents;orrenstrananisacreaturethatblindlysubtstotheabsolutehesovereign

    inauntrylikethistheyarenorealloputetheirsansportionhere;likethatofbeasts;isinstinct;pliance;andpunishnt

    littledoesitthenavailtopleadthesentintsofnature;filialrespect;njugalorparentaltendeess;thelaofhealth;theorderisgiven;and;thatissufficient

    inpersia;nedaperson;itisnolongerlaentionh
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