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inegyptakindlyriverdidtheillionnand
deitpossibletofeedtheteengpopulationofthefirst
largecitiesofistruethatall
thearablelandplicated
systefsllcanalsand
theriverleveltothetopofthehighestbanksandaneven
reintricatesystefirrigationtrenchesspreaditthroughout
theland
anoftheprehistoricagehadbeenobligedtospend
sixteenhoursoutofeverytself
andtheersofhistribe；theegyptianpeasantorthe
inhabitantoftheegyptianselfpossessedofa
selfny
thingsthaterelyoantalandnotintheleastbit
useful
rethanthatonedayhedisveredthathisbrainwas
capableofthinkingallkindsofthoughtshing
todosofeatingandsleepingandfindinga
hoforthechildrentheegyptianbegantospeculateupon
nystrangeproblethatnfrontedhihe
starsefrodethenoiseofthethunderh
frightenedhioterriblyadetheriveilerise
hsuchregularitythatitobasethecalendar
upontheappearanceandthedisappearanceoftheannual
floodsrangelittlecreaturesurrounded
onallsidesbydeathandsicknessandyethappyand
fulloflaughter
heaskedthesenyquestionsandcertainpeopleobligingly
steppedforoansheseinquiriestothebestof
theirabilitytheegyptianscalledthe‘priestsandthey
becatheguardiansofhisthoughtsandgainedgreatrespect
inthenitytheyenwhowere
entrustedhthesacredtaskofkeepingthetenrerds
theyunderstoodthatitisnotgoodfotothinkonlyof
hisiediateadvantageinthisheydretention
tothedaysofthefutureell
beyondtheuntainsoftheustgiveanacunt
ofhisdeedstoosiris；theghtygodherulerof
thelivingandthedeadanden
aeritsindeed；thepriestsdesoch
ofthatfuturedayintherealfisisandosiristhatthe
egyptiansbegantoregardliferelyasashortpreparation
forthehereafterandtuedtheteengvalleyofthenile
intoalanddevotedtothedead
inastrangeetobelievethat
nosoululdentertherealfosirishoutthepossession
ofthebodysplaceofresidenceinthisworld
thereforeassoonasanivestookhis
rpseandhaditealdforwassoakedina
solutionofnatronandthenithpitchthe
persianiaiandtheealdbody
itwaswrappedinyardsandyards
ofspeciallypreparedlinenanditedinaspecially
preparedffinreadytoberevedtoitsfinalhobut
anegyptiangraveehebodywassurrounded
bypieusicalinstruntsto
hedrearyhoursofingandbylittlestatues
ofoksandbakersandbarbersthattheoccupantofthis
darkhoghtbedecentlyprovidedhfoodandneednot
goaboutunshaven
originallythesegraveshadbeendugintotherocksofthe
ountainsbutastheegyptiansvednorthward
theyeteriesinthedesertthe
deserthoalsandequallywildrobbers
andtheybrokeintothegravesanddisturbedtheyor
stolethejehathadbeenburiedhthebodytoprevent
suall
undsofstonesontopofthegravestheselittleunds
graduallygreherichpeoplebuilthigher
undsthanthepoorandtherepetition
toseeakethehighesthillofstonesthe
rerdadebykingkhufu；thegreekscalled
cheopsandhirtycenturiesbeforeourerahis
und；idbecausethe
egyptianuswasoverfivehundred
feethig
………………………………
第8节
h
itveredrethanthirteenacresofdeserthree
tisaschspaceasthatoccupiedbythechurchofst
peter；thelargestedificeofthechristianworld
duringtenwere
busytheothersideofthe
riverferryingthecrossthenilehoanaged
todothis；innyinstances
alongdistanceacrossthedesertandfinallyhoisting
thentotheirrrectpositionbutsohekings
artheirtaskthatthenarrow
passagebintheheartofthe
stonensterhasneveryetbeenpushedoutofshapebythe
ofthosethousandsoftonsofstonehpressupon
itfrollsides
thestoryofegypt
theriseandfallofegypt
theriveileoccasionallyitwas
ahardtasksterittaughtthepeoples
banksthenobleartof‘‘teaeydependedupon
eachothertobuildtheirirrigationtrenchesandkeeptheir
dikesinrepairinthisheyleaedhoogetalong
utualbenefitassociationquite
easilydevelopedintoanorganisedstate
thenonengreorepoostofhisneighbours
andhebeunityandtheir
nderinchiefheenviousneighboursofe
asiainvadedtheprosperousvalleyindueurseofti
hebeediterranean
totheuntainsofthe
butthesepoliticaladventuresoftheoldpharaohsthe
eant‘‘thenhebighouserarely
interestedthepatientandtoilingpeasantofthegrainfields
providedheoretaxestohisking
thanhethoughtjust；heacceptedtheruleofpharaohashe
aightyosiris
ite
androbbedhifhispossessionsaftertycenturiesof
independentlife；asavagearabtribeofshepherds；calledthe
hyksos；attackedegyptandforfivehundredyearstheywere
thestersofthevalleyoftheniletheywerehighlyun
popularandgreathateforthehebrewswho
catothelandofgoshentofindashelteraftertheirlong
hroughthedesertandheforeign
usurperbyactingashistaxgatherersandhiscivilservants
butshortlyaftertheyear1700bcthepeopleofthebes
beganarevolutionandafteralongstrugglethehyksoswere
drivenoutoftheuntryandegyptore
athousandyearslater；onqueredallof
epartoftheeireofsardanapalus
intheseventhorean
independentstateheruleofakingwholivedin
thecityofsaisinthedeltaofthenilebutintheyear525
bc；cayses；thekingofthepersians；tookpossessionof
egyptandinthefourthcenturybc；onquered
byalexanderthegreat；egypttoobecaacedonian
provinceitregainedaselanceofindependence
selfupaskingofa
neies；
henecityofalexandria
finally；intheyear89bethelast
egyptianqueen；cleopatra；triedherbesttosavetheuntry
herbeautyandan
generalsthanhalfadozenegyptianarrpsteshe
an
nquerorsbutintheyear30bc；augustus；thenephew
andheirofcaesar；landedinalexandriahedidnotshare
hislateunclesadrationforthelovelyprincesshedestroyed
herares；butsparedherlifethatheghtkeher
rchinhistriuhaspartofthespoilsofwarwhen
cleopatraheardofthisplan；shekilledherselfbytakingpoison
andegyptbecaaronprovince
sopotaa
sopotaathesendcentreof
eastecivilisation
iaoingtotakeyo