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pletelackofhonestyandscrupleshefoundtheuntry
heavilyindebted；buthean；ooblige
everybody；andheinventedaquickredyhepaidthe
olddebtsbyntractingneethodisnotnew
theresultsincetiierialhasbeendisastrousin
lessthanthreeyearsrethan800；000；000francshadbeen
addedtothefrenchdebtbythischagnisteroffinance
ilinglysignedhisnatoevery
dendthatadebyhisjestyandbyhislovely
queen；hehabitofspendingduringthedays
ofheryouthinvienna
atlasteventheparliantofparisahighurtofjustice
andnotalegislativebodyalthoughbynoanslacking
inloyaltytotheirsovereign；deustbe
donecalonneedtoborroher80；000；000francs
ithadbeenabadyearfortheiseryandhunger
intheuntrydistrictsethingsensible
thekingasalways
heseriousnessofthesituationnot
beagoodideatonsulttherepresentativesofthepeople
since1614noestatesgeneralhadbeencalledtogetherin
vieandthatthe
estatesbenvenedlouisxvihoould
takeadecision；refusedtogoasfarasthat
topaourheeeting
ofthenotablesintheyear1787thisrelyantagathering
ofthebestfaliesuldandshould
bedone；houttouchingtheirfeudalandclericalprivilege
oftaxexetionitisunreasonabletoexpectthatacertain
itpoliticalandenocsuicidefor
thebenefitofanothergroupoffelloizensthe127
notablesobstinatelyrefusedtosurrenderasingleoneoftheir
ancientrightsthecrohestreet；beingnoeedingly
hungry；dendedthatnecker；intheyhadnfidence；
bereappointedthenotablessaid‘‘nothecrowd
inthestreetbegantosshly
thingsthenotablesfledcalonneissed
aneinisteroffinance；thecardinal
loniedebrienne；edandlouis；drivenbythe
violentthreatsofhisstarvingsubjects；agreedtocalltogether
theoldestatesgeneralas‘‘soonaspracticablethisvague
proseofursesatisfiednoone
nosuchsevereosta
centurythecropshadbeeneitherdestroyedbyfloodsorhad
beenfrozentodeath
………………………………
第77节
inthefieldsalltheolivetreesofthe
provene
thingbutuldaillionstarving
peopleeverysoccurredagenerationbefore
theseybutthe
heneobearfruit
peoplebegantounderstandthatashotgunisnoeffective
redyforahungrystochandeventhesoldierse
frongthepeopleobedependedupon
itething
definitetoregainthepopulargoodagainhehesitated
hereandthereintheprovinces；littleindependentrepublics
ablishedbyfollohenehecry
of‘‘notaxationhoutrepresentationthesloganofthe
aricanrebelsaquarterofacenturybeforewasheard
angthefaithfulddleclassesfrancehreatenedh
generalanarchytoappeasethepeopleandtoincreasethe
royalpopularity；thegoventunexpectedlysuspendedthe
forrverystriofcensorshipofbooksatoncea
floodofinkdescendeduponfranceeverybody；highor
loorethan2000
pahletseniedebrienneaway
byastorfabuseneckerilycalledbacktoplacate；
asbestheuld；thenationdiatelythestock
rketnnsent；people
suspendedjudgntforalittleayof
1789theestatesgeneralbleandthenthe
oftheentirenation
ofrecreatingthekingdoffranceintoahealthyandhappy
state
thisprevailingidea；thatthebinedofthe
peopleosolvealldifficulties；proveddisastrous
itladallpersonaleffortduringnyiortantnths
insteadofkeepingthegoventinhisothis
criticalnt；neckerallohingtodrifthence
thereoniousdebateuponthe
besttheoldkingdoeveryhepower
ofthepoliceheparissuburbs；
undertheleadershipofprofessionalagitators；graduallybegan
todisvertheirstrength；andncedtoplaytherole
obetheirsallthroughtheyearsofthegreatunrest；
heyactedasthebruteforceheactual
leadersoftherevolutiontosecurethosethingshuld
notbeobtainedinalegititefashion
asasoptothepeasantsandtheddleclass；neckerde
cidedthattheyshouldbealloationin
theestatesgeneraluponthissubject；theabbesieyesthen
ouspahlet；‘‘todoesthethirdestate
auntiothenclusionthatthethird
estateanagiventotheddleountto
everything；thatithadnotauntedtoanythinginthepast；
andthatitnoounttosothingheexpressed
thesentintofthegreatjorityofthepeoplehe
bestinterestsoftheuntryatheart
finallytheelectionstookplaceunderthenditions
iginableen
and621representativesofthethirdestatepackedtheir
trunkstogotoversaillesthethirdestateo
inousreports
called‘‘cahiersinanyplaintsandgrievances
oftheistituentshadbeentendoage
forthegreatfinalactthatosavefrance
theestatesgeneralay5th；1789
thekingourtheclergyandthenobility
letitbeknohattheyogiveupasingleone
oftheirprivilegesthekingorderedthethreegroupsof
representativestoetindifferentrooanddiscusstheir
grievancesseparatelythethirdestaterefusedtoobeytheroyal
ndtheytookasoleoathtothateffectinasquash
urthastilyputinorderforthepurposeofthisillegaleting
onthe20thofjune；1789theyinsistedthatallthree
estates；nobility；eettogether
andsoinfordhisjestythekinggavein
asthe‘‘nationalassely；theestatesgeneralbegan
todisthekinggot
angrythenagainhehesitatedhesaidthathewouldnever
surrenderhisabsolutepohunting；forgot
allaboutthecaresofthestateandthe
chasehegaveinforitheroyalhabittodotheright
thingattheeinthehepeople
andgavetheothing
then；ultitude
ofpoorpeople；thekingsurrenderedandgavehissubjects
e；hohepeople
edyedheking
signedhisnatotheroyaldecreeedhisbeloved
subjectsaandbtheyhreateningtokilltheentireroyal
falyunlesstheyreceivedaplusbpluscandsoon；
throughtheanduptothescaffold
unfortunatelythekingoneletterbehind
heneverunderstoodthisevenwhenhelaidhisheadunder
theguillotine；hefeltthatheuchabusednwhohad
receivedastunentatthehandsofpeople
hehadlovedtothebestofhislitedability
historical‘‘ifs；asihaveoftenwaedyou；areneverof
anyvalueitisveryeasyforustosaythatthenarchy
ghthavebeensaved‘‘iflouishadbeenanofgreater
energyandlesskindnessofheartbutthekingalone
even‘‘ifhehadpossessedtheruthlessstrengthofnapoleon