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orfrenchnoritaliansandspeakenglishorfrench
oritalianandgotoenglishandfrenchanditalianuniversities;
unlesseparticularbranch
ofleaingaughtelsehenwelea
anotherlanguageandgotoniadridorsw
butthepeopleofthethirteenthorfourteenthcenturyrarely
talkedoftheelvesasenglishnorfrenchnoritalians
theysaid;‘‘iacitizenofsheffieldorbordeauxorgenoa
beechurchtheyfelt
aenuld
speaklatin;theypossessedaninteationallanguageh
revedthestupidlanguagebarriershhavegrownup
indeeuropeandallnationsatsuch
anenorusdisadvantagejustasanexale;takethecase
oferass;thegreatpreacheroftoleranceandlaughter;who
ehisbooksinthesixteenthcenturyhehenative
ofaslldutchvillageheeinlatinandalltheworld
oday;heein
dutillionpeopleo
readhitobeunderstoodbytherestofeuropeandarica;
hispublishersotranslatehisbooksinto
toney
andstlikelythepublishersakethetrouble
ortherisk
sixhundredyearsagothatuldnothappenthegreater
partofthepeopleillveryignorantanduldnotread
orasteredthedifficultart
ofhandlingthegoosequillbelongedtoaninteationalrepublic
oflettersheentirentinentandh
kneitationsoflanguage
oationalitytheuniversitieshestrongholdsof
thisrepublicunlikedefortifications;theydidnotfollow
thefrontiertheyobefoundeacher
andafeselvestogetherthere
againtheddleagesandtherenaissancedifferedfrour
oenoyisbuilt;the
proan
ethingforthenityinhhelivesor
aparticularreligioussectstobuildaschooltokeepits
faithfulchildrenunderdecentsupervision;orastateneedsdoc
torsandlaeacherstheuniversitybeginsasa
largesufneyoney
isthenusedtonstruitories
finallyprofessionalteachersarehired;entranceexanations
areheldandtheuniversityisontheway
butintheddleagesthingsan
saidtohielf;‘‘ihavedisveredagreattruthistiart
kno
;
likeadesoapboxoratorifheerestingspeaker;the
croeandstayedifheheyshruggedtheirshoulders
andntinuedtheirway
byandbyenbegantoeregularlytohear
theofthisgreatteachertheybroughtpybooks
andalittlebottleofinkandagoosequilland
edtobeiortantonedayitrained
theteaptybasentor
theroofthe‘‘professortheleaednsatinhischair
andtheboyssatonthefloorthathebeginningofthe
university;the‘‘universitas;arporationofprofessorsand
studentsduringtheddleages;he‘‘teacherunted
foreverythingandthebuildingi
………………………………
第46节
naughtuntedfor
verylittle
asanexale;lettellyouofsothingthathappened
intheninthcenturyinthetohere
berofexcellentphysicianstheyattractedpeople
desirousofleaingthediosta
thousandyearsuntil1817thereyofsaleo
ofhippocrates;thegreatgreekdoctor
icedhisartinancienthellasinthefifth
centurybeforethebirthofchrist
thentherebrittany;
hethcenturybegantolectureontheology
andlogienflocked
tothefrenotherpriestswhodisagreed
steppedforoexplaintheirpointofviewparis
ouringltitudeofenglishnand
gesanditaliansandstudentsfrowedenandhungary
andaroundtheoldcathedraloodonalittleislandin
theseiheregreousuniversityofparis
inbolognainitaly;ankbythenaofgratianhad
piledatextbookforthoseoknow
thelaanylaynthen
cafrollovereuropetoheargratianexplainhisideas
toprotecttheelvesagainstthelandlordsandtheinnkeepers
andtheboardinghouseladiesoftheedarporation
oruniversityandbeholdthebeginningoftheuniversity
ofbologna
nextthereheuniversityofpariswedo
notknoberofdisgruntledteachers
togetherhtheirpupilscrossedthechannelandfounda
hospitablehoinnlittlevillageonthethascalledoxford;
andinthisousuniversityofoxfordcainto
beinginthesaheyear1222;therehadbeenasplit
intheuniversityofbolognathedisntentedteachersagain
folloovedtopaduaandtheirproudcity
thenceforedofauniversityofitso
froalladolidinspaintocra
poitiersinfranany
itisquitetruethatchoftheteachingdonebythese
earlyprofessorsoourears;trainedto
listentologarithandgeotristhepoint
hoakeisthistheddleagesand
especiallythethirteenthcenturyehe
ongtheyoungergeneration;
there;andthereless
ifsobashfulaskingofquestionsandoutofthis
turilgreherenaissance
butjustbeforethecurtaindohelastscene
ofthediaevalaryfigurecrossedthestage;of
yououghttoknoorethanhisrenathis
nehehesonofaflorentinelawyer
ilyandhesahelightof
dayintheyear1265hegrehecityofhisancestors
toinghisstoriesofthelifeofstfrancis
ofassisiuponthehechurchoftheholycross;but
oftentoschool;hisfrightenedeyeshe
puddlesofbloodoldoftheterribleandendlesswarfare
thatragedforeverbetheguelphsandtheghibellines;
thefolloperors
her
hadbeenonebeforehijustasanariightbee
adeplybecausehisfather
hadhappenedtobeadecratorarepublicanbutaftera
feesahatitaly;unlessunitedunderasingle
head;threatenedtoperishasavictifthedisorderedjealousies
ofathousandlittlecitiesthenhebecaaghilbeiline
helookedforhelpbeyondthealpshehopedthata
ghtyeerorghteandreestablishunityandorder
alashehopedinvaintheghibellinesof
floreneonuntiltheday
ofhisdeathadstthedrearyruinsofravenna;intheyear
1321;danteelessingthebreadof
charityatthetableofrichpatronseswouldhave
sunkintothedeepestpitofoblivionbutforthissinglefact;
thattheyhadbeenkindtoapoetinhisseryduringthe
nyyearsofexile;dantefeltpelledtojustifyhielf
andhisactionsicalleaderinhis
hotohisdayswalkingalong
thebanksoftheaothatheghtcatchagliseofthe
lovelybeatriceportinari;an;a
dozenyearsbeforetheghibellinedisaster
hehadfailedintheaitionsofhiscareerhehad
faithfullyservedthetohandbeforearrupt
urthehadbeenaccusedofstealingthepublicfundsand
hadbeenndeedtobebuedaliveshouldheventure
backofthecityofflorencetoclear
hielfbeforehisoporaries;
dantethencreatedaniginary