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ploddingdraughthorsesand
thedohasbeenpopularlycalled;isthe
soilysysteitisthedoctrihatkesforsocial
orderine
tithepriningfen;anandana
definiteplaityanistidealof”everythinginits
plaaninhisplace”ngans”na;”
andans”duty”nfucianissactuallyknoingchiao;or”religionof
nas”anaisatitlethatgivesanhisdefinitestatusinanysocietyanddefines
hisrelationshipse;c》radefinitionofthesocial
relationship;anknot;ordutiesinthatrelationship;andhence
anknowshis
placeandactsinacrdancehhisposition;socialorderhe
”fivecardinalhunrelationships;”fourareoccupiedilytheyarethe
relationshipsbet;betherandson;betweenhusbandand
hosebethersandbetrelationshipbetween
friendsybeidentifiedily;becausefriendsarethoseanbe
includedinthefalycirclefalyfriends”thefalythenbeesthe
startingpointforallralnduct
itisonlyfairtontionthatnfuciusneverintendedfalynsciousnesstotake
theplaofgnified
selfishness梒onsequences;hehadnotforeseen
theevilsofthefalysystesofhanfeitseendof
thethirdcenturybc;inopinionthegreatestofchinaspolit
………………………………
第59节
icalthinkersofthat
periodpiesntainedinhanfeitsesworks
fitinperfectlyforpresentdaychina;suchasthebreakingdohecivilservice
systehroughnepotisndfavouritisrobbingthenationtoenrichthefaly;the
ereentforoffending
officials;thensequentabsenceof”publiccitizenship”inhanfeitsesownwords
andgenerallackofsocialnsciousnesstheseentbylalock;
likesocrates
but;intheoryatleast;nfueanfalynsciousnesstodegenerate
intoaforfgnifiedselfishnessatthestofsocialintegrityhedid;inhisral
systealsoalloountofultradostickindnessheantthe
raltraininginthefalyasthebasisforgeneralraltraining;andheplanned
thatfrohegeneralraltrainingasoergehwouldlive
happilyandhaiouslytogetheronlyinthissensecanoneunderstandthe
trendousehasisplacedon”filialpiety;he”firstofall
virtues”thechinesethe
yhsiao;beingtenhthesignfor”filialpiety”plusa
causativeradicalaning”kingfilial”soexplainsthehsiaokingclassif
filialpiety}:
nfuciussaid:”thereasonanteachesfilialpietyisnotbecauseitis
tobeseeninthehoandeverydaylifehfeteaan
yrespectallthosehersintheeachesbrotherlinessinthe
youngerbrother;inorderthatnyrespectallthosehersinthe
anyrespectallwhoare
rulersintheworld”
again;nfuciussaid:
”thoseheirparentsdarenotshoredtoothersthosetheir
parents;darenotshooothers”
inthissenseheuldsaytotsengtse;hisdisciple:
”filialpietyisthebasisofvirtue;andtheoriginofculturesitdoe
tellyouthebodyandhairandskinarereaynotbe
injured:thisisthebeginningoffilialpietytodotherightthingandrding
totherightrals;thusleavingagoodnainposterity;inordertoglorifyones
aninationoffilialpietyfilialpietybeginshservingones
parents;leadstoservingonesking;andendsinestablishingonescharacter;”
theoralphilosophyitationinsocietyandthe
theoryofhabitineduethodofsodaleducationablishingthe
rightntalattitudefrothereisnothing
ixingofpoliticsoralsthe
nsequenily;butdisastrousforthestate
seenasasocialsysteitlybelievedthatanationofgood
brothersandgoodfriendsshouldkeagoodnationyet;seenindeeyes;nfuanssocialobligationstoward
thestranger;andgreatandaritanvirtuewas
unknoicallydisuragedtheoretically;ithe
”doan:”ingtobesuccessful
hielf;hehelpsotherstobesuccessful;ingtostandonhiso;hehelps
otherstostandontheirfeet”butthisrelationshiptohe”others”oneof
thefiveily;hitsfriends;
beutualhelp
hin;butldlyindifferenttoifiedagainst;thehoutinthe
end;asitilybecaaleoutsidehingis
legititeloot
iiinepotisrruptionandnners
everyfalyinchinaisreallyanisticunit;htheprincipleof”doyou
canandtakeutualhelpfulnessisdevelopedto
averyhighdegree;enuragedbyasenseofralobligationandfalyhonour
sotisabrotherilesathehonour
ofabankruptbrotheraparativelysuccessfulngenerally
ntributesthegreater;ifnottheentire;shareoftheexpensesofthewholehousehold;
anditisnpraantosendhisnephews
tosan;ifheisanofficial;alhebestjobstohis
relatives;andiftherearenotreadyjobshe
andnepotiseveloped;icpressure;becaan
irresistiblefor
ventthefor;hthebestof
intentions;haveprovedunsuccessful
tolookatitkindly;nepotissnoofothersortsanister
doesnotplaceonlyhisnepheinistry;buthealsohastoplacethenephews
ofotherhighofficials;iftheyarehighenough;lettersof
rendation;exceptinsinecurepostsand
”advisorships”theenocpressureandthepressureofoverpopulationareso
keen;andtherearesonyeducatedneliteraryessaysbutwho
cannotrepairacarburettororsetuparadio;thateveryneorganorevery
officialassunganeisdailyfloodedh;literally;hundredsoflettersof
rendationitisquitenatural;therefore;thatefor
thefalysysteustbetakenastheofinsuranceagainst
uneloynteveryfalytakescareofitsoployed;andhavingtaken
ployed;itsnextbestployntfortheitisbetter
thancharitybecauseitteachesinthelessluckyersasenseofindependence;
andtheerssohelpedintuhelpother
………………………………
第60节
ersofthefalybesides;the
nisterily;eitherforthepresentorforthenextthreeorfourgenerations;byassinghalfalliontotenllionorredollars;1
isonlytryingtoglorifyhisananofthefalygraft;or
”squeeze;”ybeapublicvice;butisalilyvirtueasallchineseare
fairly”good”n;so;askuhungngsays;thenestnjugationinchinese
graaristhatoftheverb”tosqueeze”:”isqueeze》yousqueeze;hesqueezeswe
squeeze;yousqueezetheysqueeze”itisaregularverb
andso;strangeasityseechinesenisreedschineseindividualis
andfalydefinedoperationresultsingeneralkleptoniahanaltruistictinge
toitkleptoniacangosafelyhthegreatestpersonalhonestyandevenh
philanthropy;hingstrangeeveninthethepillarsofsociety;whoin
eninthedailypapersandea
hundredthousanddollarstoauniversityoracivichospital;arebutretuingthe
neytheyrobbedfrohepeoplebacktothepeopleinthis;theeastandthe