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吾国与吾民-My Country and My people(英文版)-第40章

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    ploddingdraughthorsesand

    thedohasbeenpopularlycalled;isthe

    soilysysteitisthedoctrihatkesforsocial

    orderine

    tithepriningfen;anandana

    definiteplaityanistidealof”everythinginits

    plaaninhisplace”ngans”na;”

    andans”duty”nfucianissactuallyknoingchiao;or”religionof

    nas”anaisatitlethatgivesanhisdefinitestatusinanysocietyanddefines

    hisrelationshipse;c》radefinitionofthesocial

    relationship;anknot;ordutiesinthatrelationship;andhence

    anknowshis

    placeandactsinacrdancehhisposition;socialorderhe

    ”fivecardinalhunrelationships;”fourareoccupiedilytheyarethe

    relationshipsbet;betherandson;betweenhusbandand

    hosebethersandbetrelationshipbetween

    friendsybeidentifiedily;becausefriendsarethoseanbe

    includedinthefalycirclefalyfriends”thefalythenbeesthe

    startingpointforallralnduct

    itisonlyfairtontionthatnfuciusneverintendedfalynsciousnesstotake

    theplaofgnified

    selfishness梒onsequences;hehadnotforeseen

    theevilsofthefalysystesofhanfeitseendof

    thethirdcenturybc;inopinionthegreatestofchinaspolit
………………………………

第59节

    icalthinkersofthat

    periodpiesntainedinhanfeitsesworks

    fitinperfectlyforpresentdaychina;suchasthebreakingdohecivilservice

    systehroughnepotisndfavouritisrobbingthenationtoenrichthefaly;the

    ereentforoffending

    officials;thensequentabsenceof”publiccitizenship”inhanfeitsesownwords

    andgenerallackofsocialnsciousnesstheseentbylalock;

    likesocrates

    but;intheoryatleast;nfueanfalynsciousnesstodegenerate

    intoaforfgnifiedselfishnessatthestofsocialintegrityhedid;inhisral

    systealsoalloountofultradostickindnessheantthe

    raltraininginthefalyasthebasisforgeneralraltraining;andheplanned

    thatfrohegeneralraltrainingasoergehwouldlive

    happilyandhaiouslytogetheronlyinthissensecanoneunderstandthe

    trendousehasisplacedon”filialpiety;he”firstofall

    virtues”thechinesethe

    yhsiao;beingtenhthesignfor”filialpiety”plusa

    causativeradicalaning”kingfilial”soexplainsthehsiaokingclassif

    filialpiety}:

    nfuciussaid:”thereasonanteachesfilialpietyisnotbecauseitis

    tobeseeninthehoandeverydaylifehfeteaan

    yrespectallthosehersintheeachesbrotherlinessinthe

    youngerbrother;inorderthatnyrespectallthosehersinthe

    anyrespectallwhoare

    rulersintheworld”

    again;nfuciussaid:

    ”thoseheirparentsdarenotshoredtoothersthosetheir

    parents;darenotshooothers”

    inthissenseheuldsaytotsengtse;hisdisciple:

    ”filialpietyisthebasisofvirtue;andtheoriginofculturesitdoe

    tellyouthebodyandhairandskinarereaynotbe

    injured:thisisthebeginningoffilialpietytodotherightthingandrding

    totherightrals;thusleavingagoodnainposterity;inordertoglorifyones

    aninationoffilialpietyfilialpietybeginshservingones

    parents;leadstoservingonesking;andendsinestablishingonescharacter;”

    theoralphilosophyitationinsocietyandthe

    theoryofhabitineduethodofsodaleducationablishingthe

    rightntalattitudefrothereisnothing

    ixingofpoliticsoralsthe

    nsequenily;butdisastrousforthestate

    seenasasocialsysteitlybelievedthatanationofgood

    brothersandgoodfriendsshouldkeagoodnationyet;seenindeeyes;nfuanssocialobligationstoward

    thestranger;andgreatandaritanvirtuewas

    unknoicallydisuragedtheoretically;ithe

    ”doan:”ingtobesuccessful

    hielf;hehelpsotherstobesuccessful;ingtostandonhiso;hehelps

    otherstostandontheirfeet”butthisrelationshiptohe”others”oneof

    thefiveily;hitsfriends;

    beutualhelp

    hin;butldlyindifferenttoifiedagainst;thehoutinthe

    end;asitilybecaaleoutsidehingis

    legititeloot

    iiinepotisrruptionandnners

    everyfalyinchinaisreallyanisticunit;htheprincipleof”doyou

    canandtakeutualhelpfulnessisdevelopedto

    averyhighdegree;enuragedbyasenseofralobligationandfalyhonour

    sotisabrotherilesathehonour

    ofabankruptbrotheraparativelysuccessfulngenerally

    ntributesthegreater;ifnottheentire;shareoftheexpensesofthewholehousehold;

    anditisnpraantosendhisnephews

    tosan;ifheisanofficial;alhebestjobstohis

    relatives;andiftherearenotreadyjobshe

    andnepotiseveloped;icpressure;becaan

    irresistiblefor

    ventthefor;hthebestof

    intentions;haveprovedunsuccessful

    tolookatitkindly;nepotissnoofothersortsanister

    doesnotplaceonlyhisnepheinistry;buthealsohastoplacethenephews

    ofotherhighofficials;iftheyarehighenough;lettersof

    rendation;exceptinsinecurepostsand

    ”advisorships”theenocpressureandthepressureofoverpopulationareso

    keen;andtherearesonyeducatedneliteraryessaysbutwho

    cannotrepairacarburettororsetuparadio;thateveryneorganorevery

    officialassunganeisdailyfloodedh;literally;hundredsoflettersof

    rendationitisquitenatural;therefore;thatefor

    thefalysysteustbetakenastheofinsuranceagainst

    uneloynteveryfalytakescareofitsoployed;andhavingtaken

    ployed;itsnextbestployntfortheitisbetter

    thancharitybecauseitteachesinthelessluckyersasenseofindependence;

    andtheerssohelpedintuhelpother
………………………………

第60节

    ersofthefalybesides;the

    nisterily;eitherforthepresentorforthenextthreeorfourgenerations;byassinghalfalliontotenllionorredollars;1

    isonlytryingtoglorifyhisananofthefalygraft;or

    ”squeeze;”ybeapublicvice;butisalilyvirtueasallchineseare

    fairly”good”n;so;askuhungngsays;thenestnjugationinchinese

    graaristhatoftheverb”tosqueeze”:”isqueeze》yousqueeze;hesqueezeswe

    squeeze;yousqueezetheysqueeze”itisaregularverb

    andso;strangeasityseechinesenisreedschineseindividualis

    andfalydefinedoperationresultsingeneralkleptoniahanaltruistictinge

    toitkleptoniacangosafelyhthegreatestpersonalhonestyandevenh

    philanthropy;hingstrangeeveninthethepillarsofsociety;whoin

    eninthedailypapersandea

    hundredthousanddollarstoauniversityoracivichospital;arebutretuingthe

    neytheyrobbedfrohepeoplebacktothepeopleinthis;theeastandthe
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