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The Spirit of Law-法的精神(英文版)-第32章

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    13inenttaxesareaybeinitstotheandreoverisgenerallyabletobeartheirthenatureofthegovent

    inanarentisityofslavery

    14thatthenatureofthetaxesisinrelationtothegoventaorenaturaltoslavery;adutyonrchandiseisrenaturaltoliberty;byreasonithasnotsodirectarelationtotheperson

    itisnaturalinadespotientfortheprinoneytohissoldiers;ortothosebelongingtohisurt;buttodistributelandsangsttheandofursethatthereshouldbeveryfeoney;thestnaturaltaxheakedifferentightarisethenent;theyareunderanabsoluteneselvesbytherateofostchedareabletontribute

    thenaturaltaxofderategoventsisthedutylaidonrererheneorotherrefund:andhehaspaidforthensurthedutyeroderationofthegovent;totheprevalenererentfiftyorsixtypoundssterlingforeverytunofportserchantthatptuous;hohacrazyorshatteredfortune

    15abuseoflibertytothesegreatadvantagesoflibertyitisooderategoventhasbeenproduirableeffeselvestoslavery;stheleastfavour

    libertyproduinutionoftribute

    stoftheedionarpteveryyearsoprovinpirefroayingtribute12thenifestationsoftheirakentionoftheiros;butnotawordofours

    fronunpardonableindolenate;thepeoplederivethisadvantage;thattheyarenotininistersdonotforeebyed;theyaresuentthepeople;fortheydonotperpetuallytottheelvesbutitisiossiblethereshouldbeanyfixedruleinourfinances;sinceethingorothertoexecute;houteverknoitis

    itisnolongercustoryinistertoaeans

    16ofthenquestsofthehotansitetansperors;thepeoplepletributeent;inheysufferedeveryinnvenienceoflostliberty;hallthehorrorofpresentslavery

    17oftheaugntationoftroopsaneperhasspreaditselfovereurope;infetokeepupanexorbitantnueroftroopsithasitsredoublings;andofneentshisfore;sothatnothingisgainedtherebybutthepublianyaresonfootasifhispeopleinated:andtheygivethenaofpeaostopulentporceoftheentingourtroops;esituationasthetartars15

    grea
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第77节

    tprinces;notsatisfiedakeittheirbusinessonallsidestopaysubsidiesforalliances;thatis;generallytothrooney

    thensequenentationoftaxes;andthesoreupontheirrevenues;butinentsrtgagetheirfundsevenintiofpeaployeanstoruintheelvesanssoextraordinaryindeed;thatsuostextravagantyoungspendthrift

    18ofanexetionfroaxesthexifthegreateasteeires;ofexetingsuuonarorenorless;thestatebeesboundfortheerisnotrelieved;andthelatterisruinedthepeoplegroe;bethenecessityofpayingforfearofexactions;andthedangerofpayingforfearofnewburdens

    aentoughttosetaside;forthefirstartiinatesuoanse

    evillage;sopretend16thatitisbutreasonable;becausethereisapossibilityofafraudulentbinationontheirside:buteresupposition;oestablishathinginitselfunjustandruinoustothestate

    19oresuitabletothepriningtherevenues;oagingtheyssionthenagingoftherevenuesbyssionislikethenduily;selfyandorder

    bythisnagentoftherevenuestheprinenseprofitsofthefarrs;poveri**inathousandbeingrtifiedoneypassesthroughfeakesaquiberofbadlahiytheiortunateavariers;endtoofferapresentadvantageforregulationspeicioustoposterity

    astheneyednisalostpoerrendershielfarbitraryevenovertheprincehielf;heisnotthelegislator;butheobligesthelegislatortogivelaws

    iaesofusetofarutaneotivesofinterestsuggesttothefarrs;butssionersneverthinkofnoanneroflevyingitbeingonanagentoftheexersoftherevenue

    inrepublianagedbyssionthentrarypraent17indespotientsthepeopleareinfinitelyhappieranagentisestablishedsouthisseaportsandtradingonarersoftherevenue

    inedagnaniusbutirapostshedidnotthinkofnagingtherevenuesbyssioners;buthedefouredisforaboveayearbaerchantsshouldpaynodutyfortheirvesselstheseperor

    20ofthefarrsoftherevenueseroftherevenuebeeslikeaydoents;ployntisoften

    tisexerselvesbutitisbynoansproperinarepublienorisitbetterinnaroreoppositetothespiritofthisgoventalltheotherordersofthestatearedissatisfied;honourlosesitseansofdistinentissubverted

    itistrueindeedthatses;butthisitiesofthefiftyyears

    everyprofessionhasitspartiinistersandgistratespire

    1plutaronians

    2thisisagokehisexcellentinstitutionuponthisheadseethefifthbookofthecapitularies;art303

    3thisisthepracticeingey

    4pollux;viii10;art130

    5or60n

    6tacitus;annals;xiii31

    7fatherduhalde;ii;p37

    8historyofthetartars;partiii;p290

    9beingnierastirestheirpatience

    10inrussiathetaxesarebutsll;theyhavebeeninoderationseethehistoryofthetartars;partii

    11thepaysdetats;bletodeliberateonpublicaffairs

    12thisisthepraperorsofchina

    13seeinhistorythegreatness;theoddity;andeventhefollyofthosetaxesanastasiusinvent
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第78节

    edataxforbreathing;utquisqueprohausturispenderet

    14trueitisthatthisstateofeffortisthechiefsupportofthebalance;becauseitchecksthegreatpowers

    15allthatisprovetheneilitiaestablishedinstpartsofeurope;andeexcessastheydotheregulartroops

    16seeatreatiseontheronfinances;2;paris;1740

    17theprovinsusthate;andnsequentlygoveedpursuanttotheanberofthoseperorgoveedbyhisofficers

    18seesirjohnchardinstravelsthroughpersia;vi

    19tacitus;annals;xiii51

    bookxivoflaate

    1generalideaifitbetruethattheteerofthendandthepassionsoftheheartareextrelydifferentindifferentclites;thelapers

    2ofthedifferenenindifferenttheextrepartstotheheartitntraesofthefibres;ofurseitdinishestheirforceandelasticity

    peoplearethereforerevigorousinlditiesofthefibresarebetterperford;theteeratureofthehuursisgreater;thebloodvesrefreelytoorepoustproduoreurage;agreatersenseofsuperiority;thatis;lessdesireofrevenge;agreateropinionofseustbeprodupersputanintoa;ibelieveyouverylittledisposedtointodespondenen;tirous;thepeopleinlduntriesare;likeyoungn;braveiforereery;andinepartie;suenate;possessedtheirfullvigourandurage

    thisstrengthofthefibresinnorthenationsistheentshentheirarseness;togiveacertainsubtiltytothenervousjuicethosepeoplehavethereforelargebodiesandbutlittlevivacity

    thenervesthatteatefrollpartsintheeainutepartiniliaryglandsareinsoasureparalytiberofsllsensations

    ihaveobservedtheouterstpartofasheepstongue;sverediallhairs;orakindofdoidsshapedtoidsaretheprincipalorganoftaste

    ieroostpartiexanediidsinproportionasthefrostedtothenakedeyetorise;andiiliaryglandsbegantoappear

    thisobservationnfirtheactionofextealobjects;nsequentlytheyhavenotsuchlivelysensations

    inlduntriestheyhavever
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