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The Spirit of Law-法的精神(英文版)-第24章

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eennfoundedhtheirliberty

    3inotoaitedfreedoingovents;thatis;insocietiesdirectedbylaycannsistonlyinthepotobeingnstrainedtodonottowill

    usthaventinuallypresenttooudsthedifferencebetit;andifacitizenulddoepower

    4thesasubjeents;andevenintheseitisnotalaninvestedits

    topreventthisabuse;itisneaybesonstituted;asnonshallbepelledtodothingsto;norforthingsits

    5oftheendorvieentsthoughallgoventshavethesageneralend;inione;rarseilles;publisglory;theindependenedatbythelahenceresultstheoppressionofthewhole5

    onenationthereisalsointheiheprinciplesonhislibertyisfounded;iftheyaresound;libertyshighestperfection

    todisverpoliticallibertyinanstitution;nogreatlabourisrequisiteifexists;itissoonfound;andgofarinsearchofit

    6ofthenstitutionofenglandineverygoventtherearethreesortsofpoattersthatdependonthecivillaw

    byvirtueofthefirst;theprinagistrateenaakespeainals;ordeteesthedisputesthatarisebetplytheexecutivepohestate

    thepolitiindarisingfroheopinioneaentbesonstitutedasonenneednotbeafraidofanother

    ebodyofgistrates;thereayarise;lestthes
………………………………

第56节

    anaranner

    again;thereisnoliberty;ifthejudiciarypothelegislativeandexecutivejoinedightbehavehviolenceandoppression

    thereenorthesabody;herofthenoblesorofthepeople;toexercisethosethreepohatofenactinglahatofexecutingthepublicresolutions;andoftryingthecausesofindividuals

    stkingdoineuropeenjoyaderategoventbecausetheprinceostdreadfuloppression

    intherepublientisobligedtohavereursetoasviolentthodsforitssupportaseventhatoftheturks;outhintoeryatallhoursthrotenaccusations

    inustthepoorsubjeebodyofgistratesarepossessed;asexeayplunderthestatebytheirgeneraldeteations;andastheyhavelikeayberuinedbytheirparticulardecisions

    thepthatindient

    henceitisthatnyoftheprincesofeurope;hasbeenlevelledatarbitrarypoagistracy;andallthegreatofficesofstate

    ialloerehereditaryaristoagistratessotisderatesthepoagistraagistratesallbelongingtothesabody;ostoneandthesapower

    thejudiesoftheyear;andnsistentlyandnnerprescribedbylaoerectatribunalthatshouldlastonlysolongasnecessityrequires

    bythisthodthejudicialpoankind;notbeingannexedtoanyparticularstateorprofession;bees;asitagistrate

    inainalnature;itisproperthepersonaeasure;hisjudges;inncurrenceberthatthereiningpartybedeedhisohoice

    theothertaybegivenrathertogistratesorpeentbodies;beorethanthegeneralhestate;andtheothertheexecutionofthatgeneralwill

    butthoughthetribunalsoughtnottobefixed;thejudgntsought;andtosuabletotheletterofthelaheytobetheprivateopinionofthejudge;peoplehenliveinsociety;houtexactlyknohenatureoftheirobligations

    thejudgesoughtlikeerankastheaagineheisfallenintothehandsofpersonsinhrigour

    ifthelegislatureleavestheexecutivepoprisonthosesubjectse;inheyarereallyfree;beingsubjectonlytothepohelaw

    butshouldthelegislaturethinkitselfindangerbysoseightauthorisetheexee;toirisonsuspectedpersons;hatcaseheirlibertyonlyforaopreserveitforever

    andthisistheonlyreasonablethodthatagistracyoftheephori;andtothestateinquisitorsofvenice;ic

    asinauntryofliberty;everynpossibleinlargestates;andinsllonesissubjecttonyinnveniences;itisfitthepeopleshouldtransactbytheirrepresentativesselves

    theinhabitantsofapartieers;therefore;ofthelegislatureshouldnotbethegeneralbodyofthenation;butitisproperthatineverynsiderableplacearepresentativeshouldbeelectedbytheinhabitants8

    thegreatadvantageofrepresentativesis;theirelyunfit;ocracy

    itisnotatallneosturgentandpressingoightbestoppedbythecapriceofasingleperson

    rsidneyabodyofpeople;asinholland;theyoughttobeacuntabletotheistituents;butitisadifferentthing
………………………………

第57节

    inengland;heyaredeputedbyboroughs

    alltheinhabitantsoftheseveraldistrieanasituationastobedeedtohavenoheirown

    onegreatfaultthereostoftheaneexecution;athingofentbutforthechoosingofrepresentatives;enscapacities;yettherearenonebutarecapableofknoostofhisneighbours

    neitheroughttherepresentativebodytobeent;forselves

    insuonlibertyostofthepopularresolutionsthesharetheyhave;therefore;inthelegislatureoughttobeproportionedtotheirotheradvantagesinthestate;abodythathasarighttoentoftheirs

    thelegislativepottedtothebodyofthenobles;andtothatbliesanddeliberationsapart;eachtheirseparatevieerests

    ofthethreepoentioned;thejudieasurenexttonothing:thererein;therefore;onlytoderatethethepartofthelegislativebodyposedofthenobilityisextrelyproperforthispurpose

    thebodyofthenobilityoughttobehereditaryinthefirstplaselvesareobnoxioustopopularenvy;andofurseinafreestatearealwaysindanger

    butasahereditarypoightbetetedtopursueitsoaybegainedbyrruptingthenobility;asinthelaingtothesupplies;theyshouldhavenoothershareinthelegislationthanthepoing;andnotthatofresolving

    bythepoeantherightofordainingbytheiroendingeantherightofannullingaresolutiontakenbyanother;eandthoughthepersonpossessedoftheprivilegeofrejeakenouseofhisprivilegeofrejecting;andisderivedfrohatveryprivilege

    theexeent;havingneedofdespatany:ontheotherhand;esbetterregulatedbynythanbyasingleperson

    butifthereonarberofpersonsseleespossess;andopossess;ashareinboth

    eeeting;thisanendtolibertyforofthingsoneurallyfolloherthatthereiveresolutions;andthenthestateoanarchy;orthattheseresolutionsakenbytheexecutivepoabsolute

    itbledthisetotherepresentatives;and;reover;uchheexecutivepootakeoffitsattentiontoitsoffice;andobligeittothinkonlyofdefendingitsoives;andtherightithastoexecute

    again;bled;itghthappentobekeptuponlybyfillingtheplaeersedyehopesofthenext:butebody;thepeopleuponseeingitoncerrupteditslaedesperateorfallintoastateofindolence

    thelegislativebodyshouldnotetofitselfforabodyissupposedtohavenoet;andbesides;eetunaniusly;itpossibletodeteebled;ortheotherandifithadarighttoprorogueitself;itghthappennevertobeprorogued;elydangerous;inpttoenoreproperthanothers;forasselingthelegislativebody:itisfit;therefore;thattheexeeeting;asblies;astancesandexigenciesofastateknooitself

    ightarrogatetoitselfauthorityitpleased;itroyalltheotherpowers

    butitisnotproper;ontheotherhand;thatthelegislativepoits;itisuselesstonfineit;besides;theexeontaryoperationsthepoantribunesent;ischief

 
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