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The Spirit of Law-法的精神(英文版)-第13章

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    theprinentshaveeverpervertedtheuseofrriagetheygenerallytakeagreatnyeasurenaturalised;naly;asiahenultitudeof;northechildrenforoneanother

    thereigningfalyreselesthestate;itistoosverynurousandextensive;andyetissuddenlyextin

    itisnotatallprobablethatfifty;isthefirstprisonerofthepalace

    afteragihathunnatureshouldperpetuallyriseupagainstdespotisbutnotankind;notostnationsaresubjeentthisiseasilyaaderatego
………………………………

第28节

    vent;itisneintion;togive;asitasterpieattainedbyprudenentoffersitself;asitthroughout;andaspassionsonlyarerequisitetoestabli**;thisisayreach

    15thesasubjeselvesintheniarryatesinturkeytheyareofageatfifteen44

    theyhavenosuenthereisnofixedproperty;peopledependratheronthepersonthanonhisestate

    theittedinderategovents;45butespeoderationarisingfroforfgoventstonavepreferredtoallothers

    hadthelegislatorsoftheronrepublicestablishedthecessionofgoods;46theyneveranyseditionsandcivildisrds;neitheredies

    povertyandthepreoneyinproportiontothedangerheseesinlendingitserythereforepoursfrollpartsintothoseunhappyuntries;theyarebereftofeverything;evenoftheresourceofborrowing

    henentisunabletoerouth;andberhielferustgivefoeythanheuldpossiblygetbythegoodshenerce;theyareallreducedtoiscalledthebarepolice

    agoventbezzlingofthepublicneyisthereforenaturalindespoticstates

    asthisisanent;nfisoneydraethodbeingansiderabletributeilyheprinceopreserve

    inderategoventsitisquiteadifferentthingnfisinalinrepublicstheyischiefofsubvertingequality;ent;bydeprivingacitizenofhisnecessarysubsistence47

    thereisaronlaenjestatis;orhightreasonofthestheinousnatureititnfisesinuntrieshasrenderedrealestatesalienable;bodinveryjustlyobservesthatnfiscationsshouldextendonlytosuchasarepurchasedoracquired49

    16oftheniunionarperedbythenarunicateapartofitself

    henilitarybodiesarenotsofarsubjecttotheirgeneralasnottooillagreatersubjectiontotheirsovereign

    instnarilitaryrps;sothatastheyhavenoauthoritybutthroughtheprineasureintheservieasureoutofit

    thisisinpatibleentforifthoseployedustbethatthereeninthestateightbesaidtobegreatoftheelves;athingdireent

    agree;icstatebesides;ifaparticulargoveorshouldrefusetoobey;hoheotheranshhishead

    inthiskindofgovent;authoritysteverbeagistrateresteadythanthatofthedespotients;thelaagistratesarecapableoffolloagistratefolloustcertainlyfollowhisown

    again;asthelaberofpeopleust;andketheirontaryshouldfolloannerofwilling

    17ofpresentsitisareapresentthegul51neverreceivesthepetitionsofhissubjectsiftheyeptyhandstheseprincesspoileventheirownfavours

    butthusitsteverbeinagoventanisaentsinfliselvesbeforethegreat;ofofferingt
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第29节

    heirpetitions;andchlesstheirplaints

    inarepubliinnaruent;inedtoactbutthroughhopeofthenveniencesoflife

    itisinnfortyustnottakepresents;”sayshe;”neitherforgoodnorforevilactions”

    averybadlaongtherons53agistratesleavetoacceptsllpresents54providedtheydidnotexceedonehundredcroore;tillatlengththeirdesiressoanexorbitantheight

    besides;itisanselfobligedtoacceptnopresentatall;andyetething;thanapersonoretotakeless;andexts;excuses;andplausiblereasonsinjustificationofhisnduct

    18ofreents;otiveofaonarchies;inates;theprincesrearksofdistinction;ifthedistinctionsestablishedbyhonourotiveselfsufficient;andpensesofthestatensistonlyofpublicattestationsofthisvirtue

    itisageneralrulethatgreatreonareforeinarepublic

    theveryaneerorsostprofuseintheirlargesses;forexale;odus;heliogabalus;andarperorsthestateresuditsprinciples;allothertreasureshatofhonour

    19neentsieappliythreeprinciples

    1stquestionitisaquestionployntopinionisthattheyoughtinarepublionarentintheforr;publientsareattestationsofvirtue;depositions55inthelatter;publifficesaretestinialsofhonour;nooniesbutanneritpleases

    thelatekingofsardinia56inflictedpunishntsonhissubjectsethodofgoveinginotherrespectssufficientlyprovesthatthishisintention

    2ndquestionsendly;itisquestionedyinferiortothatongtheronsitonarchies;honour;trueorfalse;hitcallsdegradingitself

    indespotients;inatelykeaprinceascullion;andascullionaprince

    3rdquestionthirdly;itybeinquired;ilitaryeloyntsshouldbenferredonthesapersoninrepublionareritelydangeroustoketheprofessionofarapartientsonthesaperson

    inrepublisonlyakeshielfforasthinkshielfacitizenadesensibleheisonlyasoldier

    innarshavenothingbutglory;oratleasthonourorfortune;invieen;therefore;likethese;theprinploynts;onthentrary;theyoughttobeaynothaveatthesatithenfidenceofthepeopleandthepooabuseit58

    aybejustlyofnars;andhoilitarystateisnstantlyalliedetisofthegistrate;totheendthatthesequalitiesybeapledgefortheiruntry;ten

    thedivisionofents;debytheronsaftertheextinent;andnilitarygovent

    propius;therefore;thepetitorofvalenstheeeror;ueisdas;aprinagistraselflessaboutotehisoerest

    4thquestionfourthly;itisaquestionployntsshouldbesoldtheyoughtnot;ithink;indespotients;ustbeinstantaneouslyplacedordisplacedbytheprince

    butinnarproper;byreasonitisaninducenttoengagei
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第30节

    nthatasafalyeloyntotiveofvirtue;itfixeslikerepeentsuidasveryjustlyobservesthatanastasiushadploynts

    plato62arinerorpilotofashipforhisneyisitpossiblethatthisruleshouldbebadineveryothereloyntoflife;andholdgoodonlyintheadnistrationofarepublielyent

    5thquestionthefifthquestionisinentyansentisvirtueustnotigihatissions;bynegleples;andbytheseedsofrruption:;oughttofallundertheinquiryandrrectionofthecensors

    entoftheareopagiteforkillingasparrosurprisedinalsentenentnanners

    innarerarefoundedonhonour;andthenatureofhonouristohavetheanhisarticleissubjecttothereproachesevenofthosewhoarevoidofhonour

    heretheonarchy;therruptionrather

    henentstheexaleofthisrule;butheurseofthisheparticularreasonsofthatinstitution

    1plutarch;solon

    2ibid

    3philolausofrinthdealaberoftheportionsoflandandthatofinheritancesshouldbealearistotle;politics;ii7;12

    4laws;xi

    5eliusnepos;prefaesthusabrahaaysofsarah;”sheissister;fathersdaughter;butnotthers”thesareasonsoelaongdifferentnations

    6despecialibuslegibusqupertinentadprceptardecalogi

    7bookx

    8athenisdidiuiseneca;derteclaudii

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