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businessenterprisestheybuiltrailroadstheyfoundedand
subsidizedsteahiplinestoallpartsofthehey
nnectedtheirdifferentpossessionshtelegraphwires
andtheysteadilyincreasedtheirholdingsinothetinents
everyavailablebitofafricanorasiaticterritoryed
byoneoftherivalpoealonialnation
and
tonkinineasteasiageyclaidpartsofsouth
andeastafrica；builtsettlentsinkaroononthe
anyofthe
islandsofthepacific；andusedtherderofafeissionaries
asaeexcusetotaketheharbourofkisochauonthe
yelloalytriedherluckinabyssinia；was
disastrouslydefeatedbythesoldiersofthenegus；andnsoled
herselfbyoccupyingtheturkishpossessionsintripoli
innortheafricarussia；havingoccupiedallofsiberia；
tookportarthurachinajapan；havingdefeated
chinaintheosaand
intheyear1905begantolaypireof
reaintheyear1883england；thelargestlonialeire
theookto‘‘protectegyptshe
perfordthistasksteffiaterial
benefitofthatchneglecteduntry；he
openingofthesuezcanalin1868hadbeenthreatenedha
foreigninvasionduringthenextthirtyyearsshefoughta
nueroflonialpartsoftheworldandin
1902afterthreeyearsofbitterfightingshenqueredthe
independentboerrepublicsofthetransvaalandtheorange
freestateano
laythefoundationsforagreatafricanstate；hreached
froheouthofthenile；andhadfaithfully
pickedupsuchislandsorprovincesashadbeenlefthout
aeuropeanowner
theshre；bynaleopold；used
thedisveriesofhenrystanleytofoundthengofree
stateintheyear1885originallythisgigantipire
onarchybutafteyyearsof
sisnagent；ithebelgian
peopleadeitalonyintheyear1908andabolished
theterribleabusesoleratedbythisvery
unsajesty；hingforthefateofthe
nativesaslongashegothisivoryandrubber
asfortheunitedstates；theyhadsochlandthatthey
desirednofurtherterritorybuttheterriblesruleof
cuba；oneofthelastofthespanishpossessionsinthee
hesphere；practicallyforcedthee
………………………………
第107节
ntto
takeactionafterashortandratheruneventfulhe
spaniardsofcubaandpuertoriandthe
philippines；andtheteloniesoftheunited
states
thisenoentofthely
naturaltheincreasingnueroffactoriesinenglandand
franceandgeyneededaneverincreasingauntofraw
terialsandtheequallyincreasingnuerofeuropean
ountoffoodeverywhere
thearkets；forre
easilyainesandrubberplantations
andoilersuppliesofandgrain
thepurelypoliticaleventsoftheeuropeanntinent
dereinsignifienwhowere
kingplansforsteaoatlinesonvictorianyanzaor
forrailroadsthroughtheinteriorofshantungtheyknew
thatnyeuropeanquestionsstillreinedtobesettled；but
theydidnotbother；andthroughsheerindifferenceandcarelessness
theybestoheirdescendantsaterribleinheritance
ofhateandseryforuntoldcenturiesthesoutheaste
erofeuropehadbeenthesceneofrebellionandbloodshed
duringtheseventiesofthelastcenturythepeopleof
serbiaandbulgariaandntenegroandrouniae
retryingtogaintheirfreedondtheturkshthe
supportofnyoftheeporyingtoprevent
this
afteraperiodofpartiassacresinbulgaria
intheyear1876；therussianpeoplelostallpatience
thegoventckinley
ogotocubaandstoptheshootingsquads
ofgeneralheyear1877the
russianaresedtheshipkapass；
andafterthearchedsouthilthey
reachedthegatesofnstantinopleturkeyappealedfor
helptoenglandthereanyenglishpeopleed
theirgoventtookthesideofthesultan
butdisraelipressof
indiaandhepicturesqueturksedthe
russiansallycrueltothejehin
theirfrontiersdecidedtointerfererussiao
ncludethepeaceofsanstefano1878andthequestionof
thebalkanstoangressberlin
injuneandjulyofthesayear
thisfausnferenceinatedbythepersonality
ofdisraelievenbisrckfearedthecleverold
nearrogance；
teeredbyaorandarvellousgift
forflatteryatberlinthebritishprinistercarefully
ontenegro；
serbiaandrounias
theprincipalityofbulgariaiindependent
statusunderprincealexanderofbattenberg；a
nephenoneofthoseuntries
hechancetodeveloptheirpoheirresources
astheyodo；hadenglandbeen
lessanxiousaboutthefateofthesultan；ainswere
nepireasabulwark
againstfurtherrussianaggression
tokettershengressalloriato
takebosniaandherzegovinaatheturkstobe
‘‘adnisteredaspartofthehabsburgdoinsitistrue
thataustriadeanexcellentjobofittheneglectedprovinces
anagedasthebestofthebritishlonies；
andthatissayingagreatdealbuttheyedby
nyserbiansinolderdaystheyhadbeenpartofthegreat
serbianeireofstephandushan；hefourteenth
centuryhaddefendedeeuropeagainsttheinvasions
oftheturksandalofuskubhadbeena
bus
disveredtheneebr 》
beredtheirancientgloryastheyresented
thepresenceoftheaustriansinthey
felt；heirsbyeveryrightoftradition
andithecapitalofbosnia；thatthe
archdukeferdinand；heirtotheaustrianthrone；urdered
onjune28oftheyear1914theassassinwasaserbian
studentpurelypatriotictives
buttheblaforthisterriblecatastrophehe
iediate；thoughnottheonlycauseofthegreatworldwar
didnotliehthehalfcrazyserbianboyorhisaustrian
vious
berlinnferenceaterial
s
ofaforgottenraceinadrearyeroftheoldbalkan
peninsula
aneorld
thegreathe
struggleforanewand
betterworld
therquisdendorcethenoblestcharacters
angthesllgroupofhonestenthusiastswhowere
responsiblefortheoutbreakofthegreatfrenchrevolution
hehaddevotedhislifetothecauseofthepoorandtheunfortunate
hehadbeenoneoftheassistantsofdaleertand
diderotousencyclopedieduring
thefirstyearsoftherevolutionhehadbeentheleaderofthe
deratehenvention
histoleranonsense；had
dehinobjectofsuspicionhetreasonoftheking
andtheurtcliquehadgiventheextreradicalstheirchance
togetholdofthegoventandkilltheiropponents
ndorcetlacast
ercyofeverytruepatriothis
friendsofferedtohi