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ialsoaskedhifeionsaboutyourfriendpaulhe
hadknoslightlyheseetohavebeenatentker
ightpreachthewordsof
alovingandforgivinggod；
thatjehovahofthejesaretellingusall
thetiafteruch
inasianorandingreece；tellingtheslavesthattheywere
allchildrenofonelovingfatherandthathappinessasall；
bothrichandpoor；riedtolivehonestlivesandhave
donegoodtothoseiserable
ihopethatihaveansionstoyoursatisfaction
thesveryharesstoasfaras
thesafetyofthestateisnceedbutthen；ans
neverhavebeenabletounderstandthepeopleofthisprovince
iaorrythattheyhavekilledyourfriendpaulihat
ieagain；andiaasever；
yourdutifulnephew；
gladiusensa
thefallofro
thete
thetextbooksofancienthistorygivethedate476asthe
yearinefell；becauseinthatyearthelasteeror
e；builtin
aday；tookalongtifallingtheprocesswassoslowand
sogradualthatstronsdidnotrealisehoheirold
ingtoanendtheyplainedabouttheunrest
ofthetistheygruledaboutthehighpricesoffood
andabouttheloentheycursedthe
profiteersonopolyofthegrainandthewooland
thegoldinoccasionallytheyrebelledagainstanunusually
rapaajorityofthepeopleduringthe
firstfourcenturiesofoureraateanddrankevertheir
purseallotobuyandhatedorlovedacrdingto
theiatureandtothetheatreherewasa
freeshosofthe
bigpirehad
outliveditsusefulnessandedtoperish
hoe
deafineshoed
thedifferentprovinces；theierialpoliceive
andshoenthefrontier
edto
beoccupyingtheelandsofnortheeuropethewhole
ightye；anda
sreofablentoundothe
stakesofthepastandbringaboutaretutothehappier
nditionsoftheearlyrepublic
buttheunderlyingcausesofthedecayofthestate；of
erchapter；hadnotbeen
revedandreforhereforepossible
roe；acitystateas
athensandrinthhadbeencitystatesinancienthellasit
hadbeenabletodonatetheitalianpeninsulabutro
astheruleroftheentirecivilisedical
iossibilityanduldnotendureheryoungnwerekilledin
herendlessersilitary
servieprofessional
beggarsorhiredtheelvesouttorichlandownerswhogave
theoardandlodginginexchangefortheirservicesand
dethe‘serfs；thoseunfortunatehunbeingswhoare
neitherslavesnorfreen；butepartofthe
soiluponanyhetrees
theeire；thestate；hadbeeeverythingthen
citizenhaddolessthannothingasfor
theslaves；theyhadheardthehatwerespokenbypaul
theyhadablecarpenterof
nazareththeydidnotrebelagainsttheirstersonthe
ntrary；theyhadbeentaughttobeekandtheyobeyed
theirsuperiorsbuttheyhadlostallinterestintheaffairs
ofthisiserableplaceofabode
theyightenter
intothekingdofheavenbuttheyo
engageinbitiouseerorwho
aspiredtoglorybypaigninthelandof
theparthiansorthenudiansorthests
andsonditionsgrehecenturiesby
thefirsteerorshadntinuedthetraditionof‘‘leadership
heoldtribalchieftainssuchaholdupon
theirsubjectsbuttheeerorsofthesendandthird
centuriesperors；professionalsoldiers；who
existedbythegraceoftheirbodyguards；thesocalledprae
torianstheysucceededeachotherhterrifyingrapidity；
………………………………
第27节
rderingtheirurderedout
ofitassoonastheirsuccessorshadbeerichenoughtobribe
theguardsintoanewrebellion
anringatthegatesof
thenorthefrontierasthereive
ronarestostoptheirprogress；foreignrcenarieshad
tobehiredtofighttheinvaderastheforeignsoldierhappened
tobeofthesabloodashissupposedene；hewas
apttobequitelenienttlefinally；
byent；aferibesosettle
pireothersfollowedsoon
thesetribesplainedbitterlyofthegreedyrontax
gatherers；ookaheirlastpennyheygot
noredresstheyreandloudlydendedthat
theybeheard
thisderoveryunfortableasanierialresidence
nstantine323to337lookedfor
ane；thegatehe
rcebeted
nstantinople；andtheurtvedeastantine
died；historeefficient
adnistration；dividedtheeirebettheelder
livedinroandruledinthetheyoungerstayedin
nstantinopleandasteroftheeast
thencathefourthcenturyandtheterriblevisitation
ofthehuns；thosesteriousasiatienore
thantaintainedtheelvesinnortheeurope
andntinuedtheircareerofbloodsheduntiltheyed
nearaeinfranceintheyear451
assoonasthehunshadreachedthedanubetheyhadbegun
topressharduponthegothsthegoths；inordertosave
theelves；ethe
eerorvalenstriedtostopthebutwaskillednear
adrianopleintheyear378tyter；under
theirking；alaric；thesesaarchedward
andattackedrotheydidnotplunder；anddestroyed
onlyafeethevandals；andshowedless
respectforthevenerabletraditionsofthecitythenthe
burgundiansthentheeastgothsthenthealenni
thenthefrankstheree
atlasterbitioushighwayrobber
herafewfollowers
intheyear402theeerorfledtoravenna；hwas
aseaportandstronglyfortified；andthere；intheyear475；
odoaentofthegercenaries；
sofitalytobedividedangtheelves；
gentlybuteffectivelypushedrolusaugustulus；the
lastoftheeerorshis
throne；andproe
theeasteeeror；hhisownaffairs；
regnisedhiandfortenyearsodoacerruledwas
leftoftheeprovinces
afeer；theodoric；kingoftheeastgoths；
invadedtheneedpatriurdered
odoacerathisoable；andestablishedagothic
kingdodsttheruinsofthepire
thispatriciatestatedidnotlastlonginthesixthcenturya
tleycrowdoflongobardsandsaxonsandslavsandavars
invadeditaly；destroyedthegothickingdoandestablished
aneethecapital
thenatlasttheierialcitysankintoastateofutter
neglectanddespairtheancientpalaceshadbeenplundered
tiandagaintheschoolshadbeenbueddohe
teachershadbeenstarvedtodeaththerichpeoplehadbeen
throoftheirvillasedbyevil
sllingandhairybarbarianstheroadshadfalleninto
deercehade
toastandstillcivilisationtheproductofthousandsofyears
ofpatientlaboronthepartofegyptiansandbabyloniansand
greeksandrons；anhighabovethe
stdaringdreaofhisearliestancestors；thr