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The Spirit of Law-法的精神(英文版)-第21章

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    asentitistheirperpetualnestient

    suchhasbeentheoriginofthoseregulationsakethelaionhdespoticpoeverisjoinedtothelatterlosesallitsforceinvaindidthisa
………………………………

第48节

    rbitraryseditselfestillreterrible

    entghthavedeviatedalittlefrohisspirit;butthecaseisotherpresent

    1seeplutarchintileonanddion

    2itntionisdebydiodorus;xix5

    3upontheexpulsionsofthetyrants;theydeercenarytroops;agistrates;oneofcarriedofftheothersboy;andinrevengetheotherdebauchedhisofthisrepublicibid

    4ibid

    5ibid

    6thearistocracyischangedintoanoligarchy

    7veniceisoneofthoserepublicsthathasenactedthebestlaingtheinnveniencesofanhereditaryaristocracy

    8justinattributestheextininondashavingnofurtherelation;theyspenttheirrevenuesinfeasts;frequentiusenaquaastravisentesthenitergedfrobscurity;9;16

    9pilationofadeunderthengs;relatedbyfatherduhalde;descriptionofchina;ii;p648

    10duringthereignoftiberiusstatuesphaloantsnferredon;inforrs;eritedtheisdainedtoathee72seelikenedthelitaryhonours:pervulgatistriuhiinsignibusibid;xiii53

    11inthisstatetheprincekneelyent

    12herodian

    13aristotle;politics;ii10

    14theyaldiatelyagainstforeignenees;plutarchralia;p88

    15republic;ix

    16plutareddlehpublicaffairs

    17republic;v

    18thegyieddanendsantiquityforhavingestablishedonlytilitaryart;plato;ibid

    19autlibidinosutual;iv;55

    20plutarans;question40

    21ibid

    22plutarch;tablepropositions;bookii;question5

    23booki;pref

    24livy;iii20

    25ibid;32

    26aboutahundredyearsafter

    27seexi;12

    28seedio;xxxviii;ciceroinplutarch;cicerotoatticus;iv10;15asniusoncicero;dedivinatione

    29asselfbeteansoftheirtualjealousy;butthenhehasonlyaprecariousexistence

    30seeleclerc;thehistoryoftheunitedprovinces

    31”itisthecudgelthatgoveschina;”saysfatherduhalde;discdelachine;ii;p134

    32angothers;delangesacunt

    33ofthefalyofsouia;edifyingletters;llxviii

    34seeinfatherduhaldehoissionariesavailedtheelvesoftheauthorityofandarins;pire

    35seelettrespersanes;210

    36seetheorderoftsongtoufortillingtheland;intheedifyingletters;llxxi

    bookixoflaherelationtheybeartoadefensiveforce

    1inall;itisdestroyedbyaforeignforce;ifitbelarge;itisruinedbyanintealierfection

    tothistocraciesandaristocraciesareequallyliable;canredressit

    itis;therefore;veryprobablethatnkindentofasingleperson;hadtheynotntrivedakindofnstitutionthathasalltheintealadvantagesofarepublientiananfederaterepublic

    thisforfgoventisanventionbyeersofalargerone;blageofsocieties;thatnstituteaneeansoffurtherassociations;tilltheyarriveatsuchadegreeofpoobeabletoprovideforthesecurityofthewholebody

    itansattasthatenabledthebarbarianstoresisther

    henany;andthesonsarensideredineuropeasperpetualrepublics

    theassooreneesaoreoverofallhunproperty2

    arepublifthiskind;abletoaysupportitselfofthissocietypreventsallnnerofinnveniences

    ifasingleershouldattettousurpthesuprepotherest;ainfreeghtopposehieforeheuldbesettledinhisusurpation

    shouldapopularinsurrection
………………………………

第49节

    happeninoneofthenfederatestates;theothersareabletoquellitshouldabusesedbythosethatreinsoundthestateybedestroyedononeside;andnotontheother;thenfederacyybedissolved;andthenfederatespreservetheirsovereignty

    asthisgoventisposedofpettyrepublionarchies

    2thatanfederategoventoughttobeposedofstatesofthesanature;espeondefenonarchies

    asthenfederaterepublifgeynsistsoffreeoreierfectthanthatofhollandandszerland

    thespiritofnarinion:peaceandderationarethespiritofarepublicthesetentcannotnaturallysubsistinanfederaterepublic

    thusanhistory;thatdiatelyabandonedbyalltheotherpettyrepubliphyktyons

    thenfederaterepublifgey;posedofprinagistrateoftheunion;inothers;thenarch

    3otherrequisitesinanfederaterepubliayhappentotheprudeneerarepublioretoresign

    itisdiffionuncil;theddlingonestalltochrepublisistsofsevenprovincesofdifferentextentofterritory;hhaveeachonevoice

    thecitiesoflycia4ntributedtotheexpensesofthestate;acrdingtotheproportionofsuffragestheprovincesoftheunitedherlandscannotfolloustbedirectedbythatoftheirpower

    inlyonunentionedintherepublifhollandtheyarenotonunagistratesodelofanexcellentnfederaterepublic;ishouldpitchuponthatoflycia

    4inentsprovidefortheirseentsdoitbyseparating;andbykeepingtheelves;asitpireinaccessible

    itisareetrythatthegreatertheextentofbodies;theretheiriddlingstates

    adespotientdoesallthesittedbyacruelene;sitoresist

    itpreservesitselflikeostdistantprovinogul;thekingofpersia;andtheeerorsofoldavians;theerlythetransylvanians;betselvesandtheirenees

    5inentprovidesforitsseentbutakingdofaderateextentisliabletosuddeninvasions:itstthereforehavefortressestodefenditsfrontiers;andtroopstogarrisonthosefortressestheleastspotofgroundisdisputedilitaryskillandresolutiondespotionarchiesonlythatwagewar

    fortressesareproperfoarentsareafraidofthetheydarenotentrusttheiroffihaveanyaffeent

    6ofthedefensiveforusthavesuitofaproportionbetaybeinvaded;andthataydefeattheinvasionasaninvaderyappearoneveryside;itisrequisitethatthestateshouldbeabletokeoneverysideitsdefenoderateextent;proportionedtothedegreeofvelotovefroneplacetoanother

    franuniiediatelytoind;thearesuniteandpassonefrontiertoanother;etoreve

    itisextrelyhappyforfrancethatthecapitalstandsneartothedifferentfrontiersinproportiontotheiroreexposed

    butpire;likepersia;isattabledinabody;andthentheyarenotabletokesuare;astheyuldforfifteendaysshouldthearonthefrontiersbedefeated;itissoondispersed;beeetingesuffinthegoveorsoftheprovinistheiropireissubverted;thecapitaltaken;andthenquerordisputestheseveralprovinceshthegoveors

    therealpouchinthefacilityheetsakingnq
………………………………

第50节

    uestsasinthediffitabilityofhisnditionbuttheinenttolayitselfreopentoanene

    asnarallaterritory;theyshouldhavetheireyenstantlyontheinnveniencestenditsextent

    7arefleiesofagreatprinonarself;tohisfaly;andtoalleuropeheaven;thatknorebypreventingthesusthanituldhavedonebyadehiappierbyrenderinghihestpowerful

    thesubjeselvesforthelossofabattlebyasonguponthegeneral:tho
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